Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection
The emergence of COVID-19 necessitated the rapid development of vaccines. While highly effective at reducing severe disease and death, breakthrough infections remain a problem as the virus continues to mutate. To help address this issue, we show the utility of a multiplex immunoassay in measuring mu...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Troy Odo Brien K. Haun Caitlin A. Williams Aquena Ball Albert To Teri Ann S. Wong Lauren Ching Eileen Nakano Alex Van Ry Laurent Pessaint Hanne Andersen Oreola Donini Vivek R. Nerurkar Axel T. Lehrer |
| author_facet | Troy Odo Brien K. Haun Caitlin A. Williams Aquena Ball Albert To Teri Ann S. Wong Lauren Ching Eileen Nakano Alex Van Ry Laurent Pessaint Hanne Andersen Oreola Donini Vivek R. Nerurkar Axel T. Lehrer |
| author_sort | Troy Odo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence of COVID-19 necessitated the rapid development of vaccines. While highly effective at reducing severe disease and death, breakthrough infections remain a problem as the virus continues to mutate. To help address this issue, we show the utility of a multiplex immunoassay in measuring multiple aspects of the antibody response generated by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We use a multiplex immunoassay platform to measure spike-specific IgG concentration, avidity, and receptor-binding inhibition. In addition, we correlate results from an ACE-2 receptor-binding inhibition assay with corresponding data from a SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay to establish this inhibitory assay as a potential predictor of virus neutralization. We studied these antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2-naïve and -convalescent vaccinees. Our results showed increased IgG concentrations, avidity, and inhibition following vaccination in both groups. We were also able to differentiate the immune response between the two groups using the multiplex immunoassay platform to look at antibody diversity. The receptor-binding inhibition assay has strong correlations with a cell-based pseudovirus neutralization assay as well as with WT SARS-CoV-2 Washington and Delta variant PRNT<sub>50</sub> assays. This suggests that the inhibition assay may be able to simultaneously predict virus neutralization of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Overall, we show that the developed custom multiplex immunoassay with several experimental variations is a powerful tool in assessing multiple aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in vaccinated individuals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0fce203e1a0e4d94850bb34f7d19ec0b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-8112 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | COVID |
| spelling | doaj-art-0fce203e1a0e4d94850bb34f7d19ec0b2025-08-20T03:13:51ZengMDPI AGCOVID2673-81122025-03-01544410.3390/covid5040044Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior InfectionTroy Odo0Brien K. Haun1Caitlin A. Williams2Aquena Ball3Albert To4Teri Ann S. Wong5Lauren Ching6Eileen Nakano7Alex Van Ry8Laurent Pessaint9Hanne Andersen10Oreola Donini11Vivek R. Nerurkar12Axel T. Lehrer13Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USABioqual Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USABioqual Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USABioqual Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USASoligenix, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USAThe emergence of COVID-19 necessitated the rapid development of vaccines. While highly effective at reducing severe disease and death, breakthrough infections remain a problem as the virus continues to mutate. To help address this issue, we show the utility of a multiplex immunoassay in measuring multiple aspects of the antibody response generated by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We use a multiplex immunoassay platform to measure spike-specific IgG concentration, avidity, and receptor-binding inhibition. In addition, we correlate results from an ACE-2 receptor-binding inhibition assay with corresponding data from a SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay to establish this inhibitory assay as a potential predictor of virus neutralization. We studied these antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2-naïve and -convalescent vaccinees. Our results showed increased IgG concentrations, avidity, and inhibition following vaccination in both groups. We were also able to differentiate the immune response between the two groups using the multiplex immunoassay platform to look at antibody diversity. The receptor-binding inhibition assay has strong correlations with a cell-based pseudovirus neutralization assay as well as with WT SARS-CoV-2 Washington and Delta variant PRNT<sub>50</sub> assays. This suggests that the inhibition assay may be able to simultaneously predict virus neutralization of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Overall, we show that the developed custom multiplex immunoassay with several experimental variations is a powerful tool in assessing multiple aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in vaccinated individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8112/5/4/44SARS-CoV-2subunit vaccinemRNA vaccinemultiplex immunoassayhumoral immunitymultiplex inhibition test |
| spellingShingle | Troy Odo Brien K. Haun Caitlin A. Williams Aquena Ball Albert To Teri Ann S. Wong Lauren Ching Eileen Nakano Alex Van Ry Laurent Pessaint Hanne Andersen Oreola Donini Vivek R. Nerurkar Axel T. Lehrer Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection COVID SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine mRNA vaccine multiplex immunoassay humoral immunity multiplex inhibition test |
| title | Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection |
| title_full | Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection |
| title_fullStr | Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection |
| title_short | Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection |
| title_sort | use of a multiplex immunoassay platform to investigate multifaceted antibody responses in sars cov 2 vaccinees with and without prior infection |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine mRNA vaccine multiplex immunoassay humoral immunity multiplex inhibition test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8112/5/4/44 |
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