Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention

IntroductionAccurate segmentation of knee MRI images is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee disease and sports injuries. However, many existing methods are hindered by class imbalance and fail to capture the features of small structures, leading to suboptimal segmentation pe...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuhang Xiang, Xinglin Zhang, Tao Meng, Tao Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1581487/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849726876583460864
author Yuhang Xiang
Xinglin Zhang
Tao Meng
Tao Meng
Tao Chen
Tao Chen
author_facet Yuhang Xiang
Xinglin Zhang
Tao Meng
Tao Meng
Tao Chen
Tao Chen
author_sort Yuhang Xiang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionAccurate segmentation of knee MRI images is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee disease and sports injuries. However, many existing methods are hindered by class imbalance and fail to capture the features of small structures, leading to suboptimal segmentation performance.MethodsThis study applies hybrid attention and multi-scale feature extraction methods to the problem of multi-class segmentation of knee MRI images and innovates the classic U-Net architecture. Firstly, we propose a Hierarchical Feature Enhancement Fusion (HFEF) module, which is integrated into both the skip connections and the bottleneck layer. This module captures channel and spatial information at multiple levels, enabling the model to efficiently combine local and global features. Secondly, we introduce the Atrous Squeeze Attention (ASA) module, which enables the model to focus on multi-scale features and capture long-range dependencies, thereby improving the segmentation accuracy of complex multi-class structures. Lastly, the loss function is optimized to address the challenges of class imbalance and limited data. The improved loss function enhances the model's ability to learn underrepresented classes, thus enhancing the overall segmentation performance.ResultsWe evaluated the proposed method on a knee MRI dataset and compared it with U-Net. HASA-ResUNet achieved a 12.12% improvement in Intersection over Union (IoU) for the low-frequency and small-sized class, the anterior cruciate ligament, and a 3.32% improvement in mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) across all classes.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid attention and multi-scale strategy can effectively address the challenges of class imbalance in knee MRI images, improving the model's overall segmentation performance.
format Article
id doaj-art-0fc22da9d0b149cbb70ca9eeba6433f3
institution DOAJ
issn 2296-858X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Medicine
spelling doaj-art-0fc22da9d0b149cbb70ca9eeba6433f32025-08-20T03:10:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-06-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15814871581487Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attentionYuhang Xiang0Xinglin Zhang1Tao Meng2Tao Meng3Tao Chen4Tao Chen5School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaShanghai Medical Image Insights Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Medical Image Insights Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaJiangxi Rimag Group Co., Ltd., Nanchang, ChinaBig Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, CanadaLabor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United StatesIntroductionAccurate segmentation of knee MRI images is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee disease and sports injuries. However, many existing methods are hindered by class imbalance and fail to capture the features of small structures, leading to suboptimal segmentation performance.MethodsThis study applies hybrid attention and multi-scale feature extraction methods to the problem of multi-class segmentation of knee MRI images and innovates the classic U-Net architecture. Firstly, we propose a Hierarchical Feature Enhancement Fusion (HFEF) module, which is integrated into both the skip connections and the bottleneck layer. This module captures channel and spatial information at multiple levels, enabling the model to efficiently combine local and global features. Secondly, we introduce the Atrous Squeeze Attention (ASA) module, which enables the model to focus on multi-scale features and capture long-range dependencies, thereby improving the segmentation accuracy of complex multi-class structures. Lastly, the loss function is optimized to address the challenges of class imbalance and limited data. The improved loss function enhances the model's ability to learn underrepresented classes, thus enhancing the overall segmentation performance.ResultsWe evaluated the proposed method on a knee MRI dataset and compared it with U-Net. HASA-ResUNet achieved a 12.12% improvement in Intersection over Union (IoU) for the low-frequency and small-sized class, the anterior cruciate ligament, and a 3.32% improvement in mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) across all classes.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid attention and multi-scale strategy can effectively address the challenges of class imbalance in knee MRI images, improving the model's overall segmentation performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1581487/fullmedical image segmentationdeep learningattention mechanismkneeMRI
spellingShingle Yuhang Xiang
Xinglin Zhang
Tao Meng
Tao Meng
Tao Chen
Tao Chen
Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention
Frontiers in Medicine
medical image segmentation
deep learning
attention mechanism
knee
MRI
title Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention
title_full Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention
title_fullStr Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention
title_full_unstemmed Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention
title_short Multi-class segmentation of knee MRI based on hybrid attention
title_sort multi class segmentation of knee mri based on hybrid attention
topic medical image segmentation
deep learning
attention mechanism
knee
MRI
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1581487/full
work_keys_str_mv AT yuhangxiang multiclasssegmentationofkneemribasedonhybridattention
AT xinglinzhang multiclasssegmentationofkneemribasedonhybridattention
AT taomeng multiclasssegmentationofkneemribasedonhybridattention
AT taomeng multiclasssegmentationofkneemribasedonhybridattention
AT taochen multiclasssegmentationofkneemribasedonhybridattention
AT taochen multiclasssegmentationofkneemribasedonhybridattention