Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities

Abstract Background The impact of COVID-19 has been long-lasting and severe. Middle-aged and older females, as a vulnerable group, need special attention. China is a typical urban-rural dualistic society, and the impact of the urban-rural gap on middle-aged and older females is unknown. The purpose...

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Main Authors: Xiaoxu Jiang, Jie Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22355-6
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author Xiaoxu Jiang
Jie Gao
author_facet Xiaoxu Jiang
Jie Gao
author_sort Xiaoxu Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The impact of COVID-19 has been long-lasting and severe. Middle-aged and older females, as a vulnerable group, need special attention. China is a typical urban-rural dualistic society, and the impact of the urban-rural gap on middle-aged and older females is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in Chinese urban and rural areas. Methods This study used CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) database. A total of 10,063 participants were included in this study (3,680 in urban and 6,383 in rural). The chi-square test and t-test were used to analyze differences between urban and rural participants, and binary logistic regression (forward: conditional) was used to analyze differences in the factors influencing the two groups in terms of mask wearing. Results During the epidemic, there were significant differences between urban and rural middle-aged and older females in terms of demographic characteristics, prevention knowledge, attitude, identification, isolation, personal activities, mental health, containment measures in residential areas and individual preventive behavior. Rural middle-aged and older females had poorer preventive behavior. Age, marital status, preventive knowledge, calling and messaging, internet contact, containment measures in residential areas were the common influencing factors affecting mask wearing behavior of the participants. The mask-wearing behavior of urban participants was also influenced by the attitude towards government’s measures, COVID-19 test and fear. Conclusions Middle-aged and older females in Chinese urban and rural areas faced different situations during the epidemic and required targeted measures.
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spelling doaj-art-0fbdb20b06544c26bcaf3f2da30451072025-08-20T02:10:10ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-0125111110.1186/s12889-025-22355-6Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparitiesXiaoxu Jiang0Jie Gao1Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityAbstract Background The impact of COVID-19 has been long-lasting and severe. Middle-aged and older females, as a vulnerable group, need special attention. China is a typical urban-rural dualistic society, and the impact of the urban-rural gap on middle-aged and older females is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in Chinese urban and rural areas. Methods This study used CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) database. A total of 10,063 participants were included in this study (3,680 in urban and 6,383 in rural). The chi-square test and t-test were used to analyze differences between urban and rural participants, and binary logistic regression (forward: conditional) was used to analyze differences in the factors influencing the two groups in terms of mask wearing. Results During the epidemic, there were significant differences between urban and rural middle-aged and older females in terms of demographic characteristics, prevention knowledge, attitude, identification, isolation, personal activities, mental health, containment measures in residential areas and individual preventive behavior. Rural middle-aged and older females had poorer preventive behavior. Age, marital status, preventive knowledge, calling and messaging, internet contact, containment measures in residential areas were the common influencing factors affecting mask wearing behavior of the participants. The mask-wearing behavior of urban participants was also influenced by the attitude towards government’s measures, COVID-19 test and fear. Conclusions Middle-aged and older females in Chinese urban and rural areas faced different situations during the epidemic and required targeted measures.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22355-6Middle-aged and older femalesUrban-ruralCOVID-19CHARLS
spellingShingle Xiaoxu Jiang
Jie Gao
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities
BMC Public Health
Middle-aged and older females
Urban-rural
COVID-19
CHARLS
title Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities
title_full Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities
title_fullStr Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities
title_short Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on middle-aged and older females in China: a comparative study of urban-rural disparities
title_sort assessing the impact of covid 19 on middle aged and older females in china a comparative study of urban rural disparities
topic Middle-aged and older females
Urban-rural
COVID-19
CHARLS
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22355-6
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