From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance represents a growing public health threat, with airborne drug-resistant strains being especially alarming due to their ease of transmission and association with severe respiratory infections. The respiratory microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining respiratory health, inf...

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Main Authors: Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Mihaela Magdalena Mitache, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc, Mara Madalina Mihai, Monica Marilena Tantu, Ana Catalina Tantu, Loredana Gabriela Popa, Georgiana Alexandra Grigore, Roxana-Elena Cristian, Mircea Ioan Popa, Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/355
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author Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
Mihaela Magdalena Mitache
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
Mara Madalina Mihai
Monica Marilena Tantu
Ana Catalina Tantu
Loredana Gabriela Popa
Georgiana Alexandra Grigore
Roxana-Elena Cristian
Mircea Ioan Popa
Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
author_facet Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
Mihaela Magdalena Mitache
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
Mara Madalina Mihai
Monica Marilena Tantu
Ana Catalina Tantu
Loredana Gabriela Popa
Georgiana Alexandra Grigore
Roxana-Elena Cristian
Mircea Ioan Popa
Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
author_sort Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
collection DOAJ
description Antibiotic resistance represents a growing public health threat, with airborne drug-resistant strains being especially alarming due to their ease of transmission and association with severe respiratory infections. The respiratory microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining respiratory health, influencing the dynamics of antibiotic resistance among airborne pathogenic microorganisms. In this context, this review proposes the exploration of the complex interplay between the respiratory microbiota and antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the implications of microbiome diversity in health and disease. Moreover, strategies to mitigate antibiotic resistance, including stewardship programs, alternatives to traditional antibiotics, probiotics, microbiota restoration techniques, and nanotechnology-based therapeutic interventions, are critically presented, setting an updated framework of current management options. Therefore, through a better understanding of respiratory microbiome roles in antibiotic resistance, alongside emerging therapeutic strategies, this paper aims to shed light on how the global health challenges posed by multi-drug-resistant pathogens can be addressed.
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Pathogens
spelling doaj-art-0fb29e879c454f64acdd794481dc844c2025-08-20T02:28:38ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-04-0114435510.3390/pathogens14040355From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic ResistanceAdelina-Gabriela Niculescu0Mihaela Magdalena Mitache1Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu2Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc3Mara Madalina Mihai4Monica Marilena Tantu5Ana Catalina Tantu6Loredana Gabriela Popa7Georgiana Alexandra Grigore8Roxana-Elena Cristian9Mircea Ioan Popa10Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu11Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, Pitesti University Center, Târgu din Vale 1, 110040 Pitești, RomaniaDoctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaMicrobiology Discipline II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, RomaniaMicrobiology Discipline II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, RomaniaAntibiotic resistance represents a growing public health threat, with airborne drug-resistant strains being especially alarming due to their ease of transmission and association with severe respiratory infections. The respiratory microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining respiratory health, influencing the dynamics of antibiotic resistance among airborne pathogenic microorganisms. In this context, this review proposes the exploration of the complex interplay between the respiratory microbiota and antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the implications of microbiome diversity in health and disease. Moreover, strategies to mitigate antibiotic resistance, including stewardship programs, alternatives to traditional antibiotics, probiotics, microbiota restoration techniques, and nanotechnology-based therapeutic interventions, are critically presented, setting an updated framework of current management options. Therefore, through a better understanding of respiratory microbiome roles in antibiotic resistance, alongside emerging therapeutic strategies, this paper aims to shed light on how the global health challenges posed by multi-drug-resistant pathogens can be addressed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/355respiratory microbiomeantibiotic resistancerespiratory pathogensalternative antimicrobialsgut–lung axismicrobial restoration
spellingShingle Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
Mihaela Magdalena Mitache
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
Mara Madalina Mihai
Monica Marilena Tantu
Ana Catalina Tantu
Loredana Gabriela Popa
Georgiana Alexandra Grigore
Roxana-Elena Cristian
Mircea Ioan Popa
Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance
Pathogens
respiratory microbiome
antibiotic resistance
respiratory pathogens
alternative antimicrobials
gut–lung axis
microbial restoration
title From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance
title_full From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance
title_fullStr From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance
title_full_unstemmed From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance
title_short From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Challenges: The Respiratory Microbiome’s Role in Antibiotic Resistance
title_sort from microbial ecology to clinical challenges the respiratory microbiome s role in antibiotic resistance
topic respiratory microbiome
antibiotic resistance
respiratory pathogens
alternative antimicrobials
gut–lung axis
microbial restoration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/355
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