Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection

An expansion of plasma anelloviruses and dysregulation of inflammation was associated with HIV-1 infection. However, how antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects the dynamics of plasma virome and cytokine profile remains largely unknown. To characterize the dynamics of plasma virome and cytokines in HIV...

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Main Authors: Yingying Ma, Min Zhang, Zhenyan Wang, Le Cao, Yanpeng Li, Zhenzhou Wan, Yakhouba Kane, Gang Wang, Xin Li, Chiyu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virulence
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2467168
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author Yingying Ma
Min Zhang
Zhenyan Wang
Le Cao
Yanpeng Li
Zhenzhou Wan
Yakhouba Kane
Gang Wang
Xin Li
Chiyu Zhang
author_facet Yingying Ma
Min Zhang
Zhenyan Wang
Le Cao
Yanpeng Li
Zhenzhou Wan
Yakhouba Kane
Gang Wang
Xin Li
Chiyu Zhang
author_sort Yingying Ma
collection DOAJ
description An expansion of plasma anelloviruses and dysregulation of inflammation was associated with HIV-1 infection. However, how antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects the dynamics of plasma virome and cytokine profile remains largely unknown. To characterize the dynamics of plasma virome and cytokines in HIV-1-infected individuals before and during the first year of ART, a cohort of 26 HIV-1-infected individuals and 19 healthy controls was recruited. Blood samples were collected and subjected to metagenomic analysis and the measurement of 27 cytokines. Metagenomic analysis revealed an increased abundance and prevalence of human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) and a slightly decreased diversity and abundance of anellovirus in plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals after ART. No obvious impact was observed on other plasma commensal viruses. Increased abundance and prevalence of HPgV-1 were further confirmed by RT-qPCR assay in a larger cohort of 114 HIV-1-infected individuals. Notably, most dysregulated cytokines were not fully restored by ART, with extremely abnormal levels of IL-10, GM-CSF, VEGF, and eotaxin, and a significantly increased level of plasma I-FABP. Anelloviruses showed significantly negative correlations with other commensal viruses except HPgV-1 but had positive correlations with several anti-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines. These results suggest that short-term ART may not significantly correct the virome and cytokine dysregulations induced by HIV-1 infection. The results highlight a need for further investigation into the long-term effects of ART on virome and cytokine profiles in HIV-1-infected individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-0f84bfcedea2429281c5b32feb2d1c8e2025-08-20T03:12:14ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082025-12-0116110.1080/21505594.2025.2467168Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infectionYingying Ma0Min Zhang1Zhenyan Wang2Le Cao3Yanpeng Li4Zhenzhou Wan5Yakhouba Kane6Gang Wang7Xin Li8Chiyu Zhang9Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaMedical Laboratory,Taizhou Fourth People’s Hospital, Taizhou, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaAn expansion of plasma anelloviruses and dysregulation of inflammation was associated with HIV-1 infection. However, how antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects the dynamics of plasma virome and cytokine profile remains largely unknown. To characterize the dynamics of plasma virome and cytokines in HIV-1-infected individuals before and during the first year of ART, a cohort of 26 HIV-1-infected individuals and 19 healthy controls was recruited. Blood samples were collected and subjected to metagenomic analysis and the measurement of 27 cytokines. Metagenomic analysis revealed an increased abundance and prevalence of human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) and a slightly decreased diversity and abundance of anellovirus in plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals after ART. No obvious impact was observed on other plasma commensal viruses. Increased abundance and prevalence of HPgV-1 were further confirmed by RT-qPCR assay in a larger cohort of 114 HIV-1-infected individuals. Notably, most dysregulated cytokines were not fully restored by ART, with extremely abnormal levels of IL-10, GM-CSF, VEGF, and eotaxin, and a significantly increased level of plasma I-FABP. Anelloviruses showed significantly negative correlations with other commensal viruses except HPgV-1 but had positive correlations with several anti-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines. These results suggest that short-term ART may not significantly correct the virome and cytokine dysregulations induced by HIV-1 infection. The results highlight a need for further investigation into the long-term effects of ART on virome and cytokine profiles in HIV-1-infected individuals.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2467168ViromeHIV-1ARTanellovirushuman pegivirus type 1cytokines
spellingShingle Yingying Ma
Min Zhang
Zhenyan Wang
Le Cao
Yanpeng Li
Zhenzhou Wan
Yakhouba Kane
Gang Wang
Xin Li
Chiyu Zhang
Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection
Virulence
Virome
HIV-1
ART
anellovirus
human pegivirus type 1
cytokines
title Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection
title_full Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection
title_fullStr Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection
title_full_unstemmed Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection
title_short Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection
title_sort short term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by hiv 1 infection
topic Virome
HIV-1
ART
anellovirus
human pegivirus type 1
cytokines
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2467168
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