Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi
To investigate the effect of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on the extraction of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves (XLs) and their antifungal properties, a total of 43 DES were utilized for the extraction. Among these, choline chloride:lactic acid (1:1) exhibited the highest yield was...
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The editorial department of Science and Technology of Food Industry
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Shipin gongye ke-ji |
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| Online Access: | http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096 |
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| author | Xue LI Xinyu CHU Erzheng SU Jiahong WANG |
| author_facet | Xue LI Xinyu CHU Erzheng SU Jiahong WANG |
| author_sort | Xue LI |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To investigate the effect of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on the extraction of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves (XLs) and their antifungal properties, a total of 43 DES were utilized for the extraction. Among these, choline chloride:lactic acid (1:1) exhibited the highest yield was therefore chosen as the extraction solvent. Optimization of the extraction procedure was carried out through one-way and Box-Behnken experiments. The extracts were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The mechanism of XLs saponins extraction by DES was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of XLs saponins on six typical fungi that posed a threat to fruits and vegetables were evaluated. Results showed that under the conditions of DES concentration of 47.00%, liquid-solid ratio of 42.00 mL/g, and extraction temperature of 43.00 ℃, the yield of XLs saponin using DES reached 10.22%±0.28%, representing a 38.8% increase compared to traditional solvents. It was an extraction method of XLs saponin with great potential for application. The saponins extracted by DES from XLs mainly included madecassic acid, saikogenin D, glycyrrhetinic acid, oleanolic acid, ginsenoside Rg3, maslinic acid, saikosaponin A and asiatic acid. DES was observed to disrupt cell integrity and cell wall structure by dissolving lignin and hemicellulose components, facilitating the release and solubilization of saponins. Additionally, XLs saponin demonstrated effective inhibition of spores of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus of three out of the six typical post-harvest pathogenic fungi of fruits and vegetables. Among the pathogenic fungi studied, the spore germination of Rhizopus oryzae was inhibited with the best effect, the inhibition rate reached 78.76%±2.56%, and XLs saponin inhibited the growth of the fungus by suppressing the antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggest promising applications for XLs saponins in the postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0f77cdfb4b604793b7ea4a3260733884 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1002-0306 |
| language | zho |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0f77cdfb4b604793b7ea4a32607338842025-02-08T08:06:21ZzhoThe editorial department of Science and Technology of Food IndustryShipin gongye ke-ji1002-03062025-02-0146421522410.13386/j.issn1002-0306.20240400962024040096-4Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic FungiXue LI0Xinyu CHU1Erzheng SU2Jiahong WANG3College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaTo investigate the effect of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on the extraction of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves (XLs) and their antifungal properties, a total of 43 DES were utilized for the extraction. Among these, choline chloride:lactic acid (1:1) exhibited the highest yield was therefore chosen as the extraction solvent. Optimization of the extraction procedure was carried out through one-way and Box-Behnken experiments. The extracts were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The mechanism of XLs saponins extraction by DES was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of XLs saponins on six typical fungi that posed a threat to fruits and vegetables were evaluated. Results showed that under the conditions of DES concentration of 47.00%, liquid-solid ratio of 42.00 mL/g, and extraction temperature of 43.00 ℃, the yield of XLs saponin using DES reached 10.22%±0.28%, representing a 38.8% increase compared to traditional solvents. It was an extraction method of XLs saponin with great potential for application. The saponins extracted by DES from XLs mainly included madecassic acid, saikogenin D, glycyrrhetinic acid, oleanolic acid, ginsenoside Rg3, maslinic acid, saikosaponin A and asiatic acid. DES was observed to disrupt cell integrity and cell wall structure by dissolving lignin and hemicellulose components, facilitating the release and solubilization of saponins. Additionally, XLs saponin demonstrated effective inhibition of spores of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus of three out of the six typical post-harvest pathogenic fungi of fruits and vegetables. Among the pathogenic fungi studied, the spore germination of Rhizopus oryzae was inhibited with the best effect, the inhibition rate reached 78.76%±2.56%, and XLs saponin inhibited the growth of the fungus by suppressing the antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggest promising applications for XLs saponins in the postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables.http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge leaf saponinsdeep eutectic solventpostharvest pathogenic fungiantifungi |
| spellingShingle | Xue LI Xinyu CHU Erzheng SU Jiahong WANG Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi Shipin gongye ke-ji xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge leaf saponins deep eutectic solvent postharvest pathogenic fungi antifungi |
| title | Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full | Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_short | Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_sort | extraction of saponins from xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge leaves using deep eutectic solvents and their inhibitory activity against postharvest pathogenic fungi |
| topic | xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge leaf saponins deep eutectic solvent postharvest pathogenic fungi antifungi |
| url | http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096 |
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