Antibiotic Resistance in Filters from Car Air Conditioning Systems

In the present study, a quantitative analysis of culturable microflora of car cabin filters was accomplished, with a special focus on bacteria resistant to some antibiotics. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was considered in the filters with activated carbon and filters with antibacte...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Agnieszka Jurkowska, Agnieszka Tabernacka, Ewa Karwowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7787
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Summary:In the present study, a quantitative analysis of culturable microflora of car cabin filters was accomplished, with a special focus on bacteria resistant to some antibiotics. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was considered in the filters with activated carbon and filters with antibacterial properties. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated for selected bacterial strains isolated from the filters. It was found that cabin filters after long-time operation are not only heavily contaminated with bacteria and fungi but also constitute a habitat for numerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The numbers of culturable bacteria resistant to penicillin, nitrofurantoin, rifampicin, doxycycline, or gentamicin reached 10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g of filter material. No relationship was observed between car brand or filter type and the abundance of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. The lower bacterial content of antibacterial filters was not accompanied by a proportionally lower content of resistant microorganisms which may indicate that the present techniques are not sufficient to limit their growth effectively. <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. isolates from the filter material were not sensitive even in relation to high concentrations of some antibiotics, which confirms their significant resistance potential and may be important in the context of the spread of drug resistance in the vehicles indoors.
ISSN:2076-3417