Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109

Avian colibacillosis, mainly caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the most prominent diseases in the poultry industry. Inactivated vaccines are crucial for preventing and controlling APEC infection, with adjuvants playing a key role in ensuring their effectiveness. However,...

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Main Authors: Chaoying Jia, Jiyang Fu, Zesong Wang, Zugang Li, Jiangxu Yu, Qingyun Liu, Jinqiu Zhang, Xiangru Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Poultry Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125003360
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author Chaoying Jia
Jiyang Fu
Zesong Wang
Zugang Li
Jiangxu Yu
Qingyun Liu
Jinqiu Zhang
Xiangru Wang
author_facet Chaoying Jia
Jiyang Fu
Zesong Wang
Zugang Li
Jiangxu Yu
Qingyun Liu
Jinqiu Zhang
Xiangru Wang
author_sort Chaoying Jia
collection DOAJ
description Avian colibacillosis, mainly caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the most prominent diseases in the poultry industry. Inactivated vaccines are crucial for preventing and controlling APEC infection, with adjuvants playing a key role in ensuring their effectiveness. However, traditional oil-emulsion inactivated vaccines often cause severe adverse reactions in animals. Based on the serogroups of 343 clinically isolated APEC strains from many provinces of China, O36, O78 and O109 were identified as the predominant serogroups currently circulating in these regions, with O36 and O109 being rarely noticed before. Consequently, we further screened these three dominant serogroups for their promising immunogenicity to develop effective inactivated vaccines. The immune side effects of 7 adjuvants including water-in-oil emulsions (Marc-52, ISA 71 VG, and ISA 78 VG), water-in-oil-in-water emulsions (ADJ 501 and HMT 13), oil-in-water emulsion (ADJ 2052), and aluminum hydroxide gels were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the vaccine formulated with HMT 13 as an adjuvant exhibited sufficient protective efficacy against homotypic APEC infection while effectively stimulating humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, inactivated vaccines containing HMT 13 could be easily absorbed at the inoculation site without interfering with chicken growth; they also possessed favorable emulsification properties facilitating storage. Therefore, HMT 13 represents an excellent adjuvant for developing an inactivated vaccine against chicken colibacillosis. This study presents a novel multivalent inactivated vaccine against chicken colibacillosis based on the use of HMT13 as an adjuvant, which offers a new approach for the prevention and control of APEC currently prevalent in most of China.
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spelling doaj-art-0f434ac71829472aba170d15ecebd1222025-08-20T02:02:55ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-06-01104610509710.1016/j.psj.2025.105097Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109Chaoying Jia0Jiyang Fu1Zesong Wang2Zugang Li3Jiangxu Yu4Qingyun Liu5Jinqiu Zhang6Xiangru Wang7National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR ChinaWuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, PR ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR ChinaWuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, PR ChinaWuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, PR ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, PR ChinaInstitute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, PR China; Corresponding author.Avian colibacillosis, mainly caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the most prominent diseases in the poultry industry. Inactivated vaccines are crucial for preventing and controlling APEC infection, with adjuvants playing a key role in ensuring their effectiveness. However, traditional oil-emulsion inactivated vaccines often cause severe adverse reactions in animals. Based on the serogroups of 343 clinically isolated APEC strains from many provinces of China, O36, O78 and O109 were identified as the predominant serogroups currently circulating in these regions, with O36 and O109 being rarely noticed before. Consequently, we further screened these three dominant serogroups for their promising immunogenicity to develop effective inactivated vaccines. The immune side effects of 7 adjuvants including water-in-oil emulsions (Marc-52, ISA 71 VG, and ISA 78 VG), water-in-oil-in-water emulsions (ADJ 501 and HMT 13), oil-in-water emulsion (ADJ 2052), and aluminum hydroxide gels were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the vaccine formulated with HMT 13 as an adjuvant exhibited sufficient protective efficacy against homotypic APEC infection while effectively stimulating humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, inactivated vaccines containing HMT 13 could be easily absorbed at the inoculation site without interfering with chicken growth; they also possessed favorable emulsification properties facilitating storage. Therefore, HMT 13 represents an excellent adjuvant for developing an inactivated vaccine against chicken colibacillosis. This study presents a novel multivalent inactivated vaccine against chicken colibacillosis based on the use of HMT13 as an adjuvant, which offers a new approach for the prevention and control of APEC currently prevalent in most of China.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125003360Avian colibacillosisAPECInactivated vaccineHMT 13Adjuvant
spellingShingle Chaoying Jia
Jiyang Fu
Zesong Wang
Zugang Li
Jiangxu Yu
Qingyun Liu
Jinqiu Zhang
Xiangru Wang
Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109
Poultry Science
Avian colibacillosis
APEC
Inactivated vaccine
HMT 13
Adjuvant
title Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109
title_full Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109
title_fullStr Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109
title_full_unstemmed Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109
title_short Immunogenicity of a novel HMT13 adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups O36, O78, and O109
title_sort immunogenicity of a novel hmt13 adjuvant based inactivated vaccine against avian pathogenic escherichia coli serogroups o36 o78 and o109
topic Avian colibacillosis
APEC
Inactivated vaccine
HMT 13
Adjuvant
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125003360
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