Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals (HCIs) are common due to several risk factors, including poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle. Objectives This is the first cross-sectional study that stratifies HCIs to correlate personal hygiene an...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Faika Hassanein, Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif, Amany I. Shehata
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Gut Pathogens
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00688-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849737683948011520
author Faika Hassanein
Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif
Amany I. Shehata
author_facet Faika Hassanein
Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif
Amany I. Shehata
author_sort Faika Hassanein
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Gastrointestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals (HCIs) are common due to several risk factors, including poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle. Objectives This is the first cross-sectional study that stratifies HCIs to correlate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle with gastrointestinal microbial infections. Additionally, it compares serum and saliva levels of H. pylori-IgG and IgA to assess the potential of saliva as a non-invasive alternative to serum. Methods Based on Fisher’s formula, 200 HCIs suffering from gastritis—including hospital workers, employees, nursing students, nurses, and doctors—were enrolled. Blood, saliva, and stool samples were collected for microbial infection investigations. Personal hygiene and socio-economic factors were scored based on WHO guidelines. Parasitic infections were identified microscopically, while H. pylori antigen and antibodies were detected via ELISA, with diagnostic significance determined by ROC curve analysis. Results A high prevalence of intestinal microbial infections was observed among HCIs. Blastocystis spp. was the most common pathogen (72%), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (59.5%). Cases of single, double, and multiple infections were detected. H. pylori antigen was present in 36 (18%) cases, often as a co-infection with intestinal parasites. Infection rates were highest among workers and nurses (100%), followed by employees (97.4%) and nursing students (81.7%), with doctors having the lowest rate (50%). Poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle were directly linked to increased infection risk. Additionally, H. pylori-IgG was positive in 14 cases and negative in 186 cases, while H. pylori-IgA was positive in 2 cases and negative in 198 cases in both serum and saliva. These findings indicate consistency between serum and saliva levels of H. pylori immunoglobulins. Conclusions Poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal microbial infections among HCIs. Salivary immunoglobulins show consistency with serum levels, suggesting saliva as a viable non-invasive alternative for detecting H. pylori infection.
format Article
id doaj-art-0f23ff24c18243c19a281c6d1c4ac1e2
institution DOAJ
issn 1757-4749
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Gut Pathogens
spelling doaj-art-0f23ff24c18243c19a281c6d1c4ac1e22025-08-20T03:06:51ZengBMCGut Pathogens1757-47492025-04-0117111310.1186/s13099-025-00688-2Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygieneFaika Hassanein0Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif1Amany I. Shehata2Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in AlexandriaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in AlexandriaDepartment of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria UniversityAbstract Background Gastrointestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals (HCIs) are common due to several risk factors, including poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle. Objectives This is the first cross-sectional study that stratifies HCIs to correlate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle with gastrointestinal microbial infections. Additionally, it compares serum and saliva levels of H. pylori-IgG and IgA to assess the potential of saliva as a non-invasive alternative to serum. Methods Based on Fisher’s formula, 200 HCIs suffering from gastritis—including hospital workers, employees, nursing students, nurses, and doctors—were enrolled. Blood, saliva, and stool samples were collected for microbial infection investigations. Personal hygiene and socio-economic factors were scored based on WHO guidelines. Parasitic infections were identified microscopically, while H. pylori antigen and antibodies were detected via ELISA, with diagnostic significance determined by ROC curve analysis. Results A high prevalence of intestinal microbial infections was observed among HCIs. Blastocystis spp. was the most common pathogen (72%), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (59.5%). Cases of single, double, and multiple infections were detected. H. pylori antigen was present in 36 (18%) cases, often as a co-infection with intestinal parasites. Infection rates were highest among workers and nurses (100%), followed by employees (97.4%) and nursing students (81.7%), with doctors having the lowest rate (50%). Poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle were directly linked to increased infection risk. Additionally, H. pylori-IgG was positive in 14 cases and negative in 186 cases, while H. pylori-IgA was positive in 2 cases and negative in 198 cases in both serum and saliva. These findings indicate consistency between serum and saliva levels of H. pylori immunoglobulins. Conclusions Poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal microbial infections among HCIs. Salivary immunoglobulins show consistency with serum levels, suggesting saliva as a viable non-invasive alternative for detecting H. pylori infection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00688-2SalivaH. pyloriParasitic infectionHealthcare individualsProtective measuresPersonal hygiene
spellingShingle Faika Hassanein
Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif
Amany I. Shehata
Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
Gut Pathogens
Saliva
H. pylori
Parasitic infection
Healthcare individuals
Protective measures
Personal hygiene
title Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
title_full Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
title_fullStr Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
title_full_unstemmed Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
title_short Sero—salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
title_sort sero salivary detection of h pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene
topic Saliva
H. pylori
Parasitic infection
Healthcare individuals
Protective measures
Personal hygiene
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00688-2
work_keys_str_mv AT faikahassanein serosalivarydetectionofhpyloriimmunoglobulinsandparasiticinfectionamonghealthcareindividualssufferingfromgastrointestinaldisorderswithcorrelationtopersonalhygiene
AT mohamedsabdellatif serosalivarydetectionofhpyloriimmunoglobulinsandparasiticinfectionamonghealthcareindividualssufferingfromgastrointestinaldisorderswithcorrelationtopersonalhygiene
AT amanyishehata serosalivarydetectionofhpyloriimmunoglobulinsandparasiticinfectionamonghealthcareindividualssufferingfromgastrointestinaldisorderswithcorrelationtopersonalhygiene