Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Forensic age estimation is important in cases related to sexual assault, murder, skeletal remains, and juvenile crimes, where the age of the suspect or victim is unknown. The literature indicates that the age of fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal varies from region to region....

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Main Authors: Padma V Badhe, Ajith R Varrior, Sumeet A Dhulshette, Manoj B Parchake, Moinuddin Sultan, Khushboo Tekriwal, Swapnil Moharkar, Abhijeet Shukla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
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Online Access:https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=July&volume=19&issue=7&page=TC01-TC04&id=21209
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author Padma V Badhe
Ajith R Varrior
Sumeet A Dhulshette
Manoj B Parchake
Moinuddin Sultan
Khushboo Tekriwal
Swapnil Moharkar
Abhijeet Shukla
author_facet Padma V Badhe
Ajith R Varrior
Sumeet A Dhulshette
Manoj B Parchake
Moinuddin Sultan
Khushboo Tekriwal
Swapnil Moharkar
Abhijeet Shukla
author_sort Padma V Badhe
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Forensic age estimation is important in cases related to sexual assault, murder, skeletal remains, and juvenile crimes, where the age of the suspect or victim is unknown. The literature indicates that the age of fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal varies from region to region. Aim: To estimate age from medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion through computed tomographic analysis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with a sample size of 384, conducted over 24 months from January 2020 to December 2021 in the Department of Radiology at a tertiary care centre, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The study population included patients who underwent a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the chest, aged between 18 and 35 years. They were arbitrarily divided into six age groups: 18-20 years, 21-23 years, 24-26 years, 27-29 years, 30-32 years, and 33-35 years. The Schmeling classification was used for age estimation. Chronological age served as the constant, while the stages of radiological fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal were the variables. Age estimation by this method involved observing the chronological age at a particular stage of fusion. The mean age of fusion at each stage was calculated. The association among variables was analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for definite variables. In the present study, the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Of the 384 participants (mean age 26.3±5.1 years; 217 men), 279 (72.7%) showed complete fusion of the medial epiphyses of the clavicle (stage 4 and stage 5). The mean age for medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion in men was 22.66±1.3 years, while for women it was 21.86±1.09 years. The mean age at which stage 5 was achieved was 29.6±3.37 years, indicated by complete fusion without the epiphyseal scar. Conclusion: The study concludes that all men and women with complete fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal were older than 22.6 and 21.8 years of age, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-0f0f94d77fcc4d03a206db66823da9802025-08-20T03:14:10ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-07-01197TC01TC0410.7860/JCDR/2025/75924.21209Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional StudyPadma V Badhe0Ajith R Varrior1Sumeet A Dhulshette2Manoj B Parchake3Moinuddin Sultan4Khushboo Tekriwal5Swapnil Moharkar6Abhijeet Shukla7Professor, Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Junior Resident, Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Additional Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.Senior Resident, Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Senior Resident, Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Senior Resident, ESIS Hospital Kandivali, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Introduction: Forensic age estimation is important in cases related to sexual assault, murder, skeletal remains, and juvenile crimes, where the age of the suspect or victim is unknown. The literature indicates that the age of fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal varies from region to region. Aim: To estimate age from medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion through computed tomographic analysis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with a sample size of 384, conducted over 24 months from January 2020 to December 2021 in the Department of Radiology at a tertiary care centre, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The study population included patients who underwent a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the chest, aged between 18 and 35 years. They were arbitrarily divided into six age groups: 18-20 years, 21-23 years, 24-26 years, 27-29 years, 30-32 years, and 33-35 years. The Schmeling classification was used for age estimation. Chronological age served as the constant, while the stages of radiological fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal were the variables. Age estimation by this method involved observing the chronological age at a particular stage of fusion. The mean age of fusion at each stage was calculated. The association among variables was analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for definite variables. In the present study, the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Of the 384 participants (mean age 26.3±5.1 years; 217 men), 279 (72.7%) showed complete fusion of the medial epiphyses of the clavicle (stage 4 and stage 5). The mean age for medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion in men was 22.66±1.3 years, while for women it was 21.86±1.09 years. The mean age at which stage 5 was achieved was 29.6±3.37 years, indicated by complete fusion without the epiphyseal scar. Conclusion: The study concludes that all men and women with complete fusion of the medial clavicular epiphyseal were older than 22.6 and 21.8 years of age, respectively.https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=July&volume=19&issue=7&page=TC01-TC04&id=21209age estimationcomputed tomographymedial clavicular
spellingShingle Padma V Badhe
Ajith R Varrior
Sumeet A Dhulshette
Manoj B Parchake
Moinuddin Sultan
Khushboo Tekriwal
Swapnil Moharkar
Abhijeet Shukla
Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
age estimation
computed tomography
medial clavicular
title Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
title_full Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
title_fullStr Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
title_short Computed Tomographic Analysis of Medial Clavicular Epiphyseal Fusion for Age Estimation in Western Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
title_sort computed tomographic analysis of medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion for age estimation in western indian population a cross sectional study
topic age estimation
computed tomography
medial clavicular
url https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=July&volume=19&issue=7&page=TC01-TC04&id=21209
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