Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage

Abstract Background The increasing prominence of blended teaching in English instruction underscores its potential to enhance educational quality. However, the significant time commitment required may deter teachers from adopting this method due to prevalent time poverty. Despite the critical implic...

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Main Authors: Qing Zhou, Haoran Ma, Min Zhu, Huaizhi Chen, Qiuyu Gong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02910-x
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author Qing Zhou
Haoran Ma
Min Zhu
Huaizhi Chen
Qiuyu Gong
author_facet Qing Zhou
Haoran Ma
Min Zhu
Huaizhi Chen
Qiuyu Gong
author_sort Qing Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The increasing prominence of blended teaching in English instruction underscores its potential to enhance educational quality. However, the significant time commitment required may deter teachers from adopting this method due to prevalent time poverty. Despite the critical implications, research exploring the link between time poverty and acceptance of blended teaching is sparse. Methods This study developed a theoretical model to investigate the effects of time poverty on the acceptance of blended teaching among teachers, incorporating job satisfaction as a mediating variable and social support as a moderating variable. A total of 793 English teachers from various Chinese universities participated, providing data through a structured questionnaire. The relationships were analyzed using regression and path analysis to validate the hypothesized model. Results The analysis revealed that time poverty significantly and negatively influences university EFL teachers’ acceptance of blended teaching. Job satisfaction was found to partially mediate this relationship, indicating that emotional well-being plays a critical role in shaping instructional openness under conditions of time stress. Notably, social support exhibited a dual moderating role: it exacerbated the negative impact of time poverty on both job satisfaction and blended teaching acceptance, while simultaneously enhancing the positive influence of job satisfaction on teachers’ willingness to adopt blended methods. Conclusions These findings highlight job satisfaction as a pivotal psychological mechanism through which time-related stressors affect pedagogical innovation. The complex role of social support—being facilitative in some pathways yet detrimental in others—underscores the importance of evaluating not only the presence but also the alignment and perceived utility of support systems in educational settings. For university-level EFL teachers navigating digital transformation under high workload pressures, context-sensitive and needs-matched support strategies are essential. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the interactive dynamics among time poverty, job satisfaction, social support, and blended teaching acceptance, and offers practical implications for the design of more effective teacher support mechanisms in the era of educational innovation.
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spelling doaj-art-0f08ea303fff493c80f25c859ed17fca2025-08-20T02:34:07ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-05-0113111710.1186/s40359-025-02910-xShadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyageQing Zhou0Haoran Ma1Min Zhu2Huaizhi Chen3Qiuyu Gong4Foreign Language Department, Science and Technology College Gannan Normal UniversityFujian Normal UniversityFujian Normal UniversitySchool of Foreign Languages, Xichang UniversityFaculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaAbstract Background The increasing prominence of blended teaching in English instruction underscores its potential to enhance educational quality. However, the significant time commitment required may deter teachers from adopting this method due to prevalent time poverty. Despite the critical implications, research exploring the link between time poverty and acceptance of blended teaching is sparse. Methods This study developed a theoretical model to investigate the effects of time poverty on the acceptance of blended teaching among teachers, incorporating job satisfaction as a mediating variable and social support as a moderating variable. A total of 793 English teachers from various Chinese universities participated, providing data through a structured questionnaire. The relationships were analyzed using regression and path analysis to validate the hypothesized model. Results The analysis revealed that time poverty significantly and negatively influences university EFL teachers’ acceptance of blended teaching. Job satisfaction was found to partially mediate this relationship, indicating that emotional well-being plays a critical role in shaping instructional openness under conditions of time stress. Notably, social support exhibited a dual moderating role: it exacerbated the negative impact of time poverty on both job satisfaction and blended teaching acceptance, while simultaneously enhancing the positive influence of job satisfaction on teachers’ willingness to adopt blended methods. Conclusions These findings highlight job satisfaction as a pivotal psychological mechanism through which time-related stressors affect pedagogical innovation. The complex role of social support—being facilitative in some pathways yet detrimental in others—underscores the importance of evaluating not only the presence but also the alignment and perceived utility of support systems in educational settings. For university-level EFL teachers navigating digital transformation under high workload pressures, context-sensitive and needs-matched support strategies are essential. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the interactive dynamics among time poverty, job satisfaction, social support, and blended teaching acceptance, and offers practical implications for the design of more effective teacher support mechanisms in the era of educational innovation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02910-xTime povertyBlended teaching acceptanceJob satisfactionSocial supportEFL teachers
spellingShingle Qing Zhou
Haoran Ma
Min Zhu
Huaizhi Chen
Qiuyu Gong
Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage
BMC Psychology
Time poverty
Blended teaching acceptance
Job satisfaction
Social support
EFL teachers
title Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage
title_full Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage
title_fullStr Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage
title_full_unstemmed Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage
title_short Shadows and light: navigating teachers’ time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in EFL teachers’ voyage
title_sort shadows and light navigating teachers time poverty and blended teaching acceptance with social support and job satisfaction in efl teachers voyage
topic Time poverty
Blended teaching acceptance
Job satisfaction
Social support
EFL teachers
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02910-x
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