Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk

In many construction applications, including bridge pedestals, concrete corbels, and concrete anchors, the concrete’s local compressive strength attribute (bearing) is crucial. One of the benefits from concrete’s bearing is its role in mitigation construction failure risk and increase the safety of...

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Main Authors: Sabry Fayed, Ayman El-Zohairy, Hani Salim, Ehab A. Mlybari, Rabeea W. Bazuhair, Mohamed Ghalla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1107
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author Sabry Fayed
Ayman El-Zohairy
Hani Salim
Ehab A. Mlybari
Rabeea W. Bazuhair
Mohamed Ghalla
author_facet Sabry Fayed
Ayman El-Zohairy
Hani Salim
Ehab A. Mlybari
Rabeea W. Bazuhair
Mohamed Ghalla
author_sort Sabry Fayed
collection DOAJ
description In many construction applications, including bridge pedestals, concrete corbels, and concrete anchors, the concrete’s local compressive strength attribute (bearing) is crucial. One of the benefits from concrete’s bearing is its role in mitigation construction failure risk and increase the safety of the buildings. The local compression characteristics of fully hardened concrete were the primary focus of earlier study, with less attention paid to early age concrete (less than 28 days). In order to evaluate the bearing qualities of early age concrete—here defined as the first month—the current experimental program is being carried out. While the bearing plate’s area (Ab), which was placed in the middle of each block’s top surface, differed in dimension (100 × 100 mm, 80 × 80 mm, 60 × 60 mm, and 40 × 40 mm), the concrete pedestals’ size remained constant at 250 × 250 × 200 mm. Tests were conducted on sixteen concrete supports. Four equal groups of samples were created, and each group underwent testing at a different age (T = 3, 7, 15, and 28 days). In each group, unloaded-to-loaded area is varied (A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>b</sub> = 6.25, 9.76, 17.36, and 39). The failure, bearing stress–slip curve, ultimate bearing strength and ultimate associated deformation of the tested concrete supports were studied. The results showed that the compressive and tension strengths increased by 178% and 244% when the concrete age reached 28 days compared to 3 days-concrete. As A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>b</sub> or/and concrete age increased, the bearing characteristics improved more. The ultimate bearing strength increased by 51%, 56.5%, and 69.5% at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 6.25 when the samples’ concrete age increased from 3 to 7, 15, and 28 days. The main contribution of this study is a novel formula to forecast the concrete’s bearing strength while accounting for the impact of the concrete’s age and the ratio <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>.
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spelling doaj-art-0eec445aef714031853d89f2560acd802025-08-20T02:15:55ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-03-01157110710.3390/buildings15071107Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure RiskSabry Fayed0Ayman El-Zohairy1Hani Salim2Ehab A. Mlybari3Rabeea W. Bazuhair4Mohamed Ghalla5Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, EgyptDepartment of Engineering and Technology, East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX 75429, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USADepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi ArabiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, EgyptIn many construction applications, including bridge pedestals, concrete corbels, and concrete anchors, the concrete’s local compressive strength attribute (bearing) is crucial. One of the benefits from concrete’s bearing is its role in mitigation construction failure risk and increase the safety of the buildings. The local compression characteristics of fully hardened concrete were the primary focus of earlier study, with less attention paid to early age concrete (less than 28 days). In order to evaluate the bearing qualities of early age concrete—here defined as the first month—the current experimental program is being carried out. While the bearing plate’s area (Ab), which was placed in the middle of each block’s top surface, differed in dimension (100 × 100 mm, 80 × 80 mm, 60 × 60 mm, and 40 × 40 mm), the concrete pedestals’ size remained constant at 250 × 250 × 200 mm. Tests were conducted on sixteen concrete supports. Four equal groups of samples were created, and each group underwent testing at a different age (T = 3, 7, 15, and 28 days). In each group, unloaded-to-loaded area is varied (A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>b</sub> = 6.25, 9.76, 17.36, and 39). The failure, bearing stress–slip curve, ultimate bearing strength and ultimate associated deformation of the tested concrete supports were studied. The results showed that the compressive and tension strengths increased by 178% and 244% when the concrete age reached 28 days compared to 3 days-concrete. As A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>b</sub> or/and concrete age increased, the bearing characteristics improved more. The ultimate bearing strength increased by 51%, 56.5%, and 69.5% at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 6.25 when the samples’ concrete age increased from 3 to 7, 15, and 28 days. The main contribution of this study is a novel formula to forecast the concrete’s bearing strength while accounting for the impact of the concrete’s age and the ratio <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1107concrete supportsearly agebearingfailuresnovel formulamitigating failure risk
spellingShingle Sabry Fayed
Ayman El-Zohairy
Hani Salim
Ehab A. Mlybari
Rabeea W. Bazuhair
Mohamed Ghalla
Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk
Buildings
concrete supports
early age
bearing
failures
novel formula
mitigating failure risk
title Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk
title_full Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk
title_fullStr Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk
title_full_unstemmed Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk
title_short Bearing Strength of Concrete Pedestals Partially Loaded at Early Ages: An Experimental Work Mitigating Failure Risk
title_sort bearing strength of concrete pedestals partially loaded at early ages an experimental work mitigating failure risk
topic concrete supports
early age
bearing
failures
novel formula
mitigating failure risk
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1107
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AT hanisalim bearingstrengthofconcretepedestalspartiallyloadedatearlyagesanexperimentalworkmitigatingfailurerisk
AT ehabamlybari bearingstrengthofconcretepedestalspartiallyloadedatearlyagesanexperimentalworkmitigatingfailurerisk
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