Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020
Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Eli...
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2022-07-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
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| author | Swati Mahajan Amar Shah Sarit Sharma Rituparna Das Kathiresan Jeyashree Mathavaswami Vijayageetha Bhavesh Modi Burugina Nagaraja Sharath Vijay Singh Shamim Mannan Sairu Philip Jasleen Kaur Ranjani Ramachandran Raghuram Rao Sriram Selvaraju Bency Joseph Vaibhav Shah Kiran Rade Lalit Sankhe Surinder Singh Sandeep Chauhan Anupam Banerjee Devender Kumar Ganapathy Kalaiselvan Bhavin Vadera Paras Mehta Meenakumari Natarajan Manoj Murhekar Aswathy Sreedevi Jeromie Thangaraj Saravanakumar Velusamy Sasidharan Akhil Dhanapal Sudha Rani Ramasamy Sabarinathan Sakthivel Manikandanesan Rajalakshmi Elumalai Amarendra Mahapatra Almas Shamim Ashok Bhardwaj Anil Purty Anand Sridhar Aniket Chowdhury Asif Shafie Avijit Choudhury Deka Dhrubjyoti Hardik Solanki Krushna Sirmanwar Kshitij Khaparde Malik Parmar Nisha Dahiya Parija Debdutta Quazi Ahmed Ranjeet Prasad Rohini Shinde Rupali Baruah Sandip Bharaswadkar Shanta Achanta Shibu Balakrishnan Shivani Chandra Sophia Khumukcham Sudarsan Mandal Sumitha Chalil Venkatesh Roddawar Kuldeep Sachdeva Jayakrishna Kurada Mayank Sharma Debajyoti Mohapatra Yogesh Patel Sapna Thekkepat Karthikeyan Kumaraswamy Mallika Tharakan Shramana Majumdar Vrinda Manocha Sukriti Chauhan Shekhar Waikar Puja Ambule Krithika Murali Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty Tulika Goswami Darshan Mahyavanshi Krutarth Bhrahmbhatt Bhautik Modi Anmol Gupta Sunil Raina Rajiv Kumar Gupta Ratnesh Sinha Manju Toppo Gajen Medhi Swati M Patki Bishnu Ram Das Lisa Sarangi Afsal Hakim Suresh Balan Baer Philip Ravikumar Subrata Baidya Abhik Sinha Boddepalli Nagendra Naidu Bikash Chandra Nayak Anoop Dev Pallavi Boro Debarshi Paul Amrita Sarkar Bhavesh Bariya Jatin Chhaya Dixit Chauhan Mithun Sanghavi Nilesh Thakor Rohit Ram Hinal Baria Abhilash Sood Anupam Parashar Yangchen Dolma Rakesh Bahl Dilip Kumar Mohammad Salim Khan A K Jayasree Zinia Nujum Sheela P Haveri Dinesh Bhatnagar Subrata Kumar Palo Priyesh Marskole Prashant Verma Dinesh Kumar Pal Neelam Toppo Sanjay R Quraishi Sunil Panigrahi Rambadan Chauhan Jayashree Gothankar Swapnali S Kadam Dasi Rao Sudhir Wanje Pallavi Uplap Ningombam Joenna Devi Rikrak Ch Marak Markordor Lyngdoh Manoj B Patki Satyajit Sundar Ray Kavita Vasudevan Mahesh Satija Mahesh Choudhary Mitin Parmar Venkatesh Govindasamy Karlapudi Nitesh Kumar Goutham Thumari Amar Tripura Chanda Mog Shampa Das Ritesh Singh Chandra Shekar Maity Mamta Gehlawat |
| author_facet | Swati Mahajan Amar Shah Sarit Sharma Rituparna Das Kathiresan Jeyashree Mathavaswami Vijayageetha Bhavesh Modi Burugina Nagaraja Sharath Vijay Singh Shamim Mannan Sairu Philip Jasleen Kaur Ranjani Ramachandran Raghuram Rao Sriram Selvaraju Bency Joseph Vaibhav Shah Kiran Rade Lalit Sankhe Surinder Singh Sandeep Chauhan Anupam Banerjee Devender Kumar Ganapathy Kalaiselvan Bhavin Vadera Paras Mehta Meenakumari Natarajan Manoj Murhekar Aswathy Sreedevi Jeromie Thangaraj Saravanakumar Velusamy Sasidharan Akhil Dhanapal Sudha Rani Ramasamy Sabarinathan Sakthivel Manikandanesan Rajalakshmi Elumalai Amarendra Mahapatra Almas Shamim Ashok Bhardwaj Anil Purty Anand Sridhar Aniket Chowdhury Asif Shafie Avijit Choudhury Deka Dhrubjyoti Hardik Solanki Krushna Sirmanwar Kshitij Khaparde Malik Parmar Nisha Dahiya Parija Debdutta Quazi Ahmed Ranjeet Prasad Rohini Shinde Rupali Baruah Sandip Bharaswadkar Shanta Achanta Shibu Balakrishnan Shivani Chandra Sophia Khumukcham Sudarsan Mandal Sumitha Chalil Venkatesh Roddawar Kuldeep Sachdeva Jayakrishna Kurada Mayank Sharma Debajyoti Mohapatra Yogesh Patel Sapna Thekkepat Karthikeyan Kumaraswamy Mallika Tharakan Shramana Majumdar Vrinda Manocha Sukriti Chauhan Shekhar Waikar Puja Ambule Krithika Murali Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty Tulika Goswami Darshan Mahyavanshi Krutarth Bhrahmbhatt Bhautik Modi Anmol Gupta Sunil Raina Rajiv Kumar Gupta Ratnesh Sinha Manju Toppo Gajen Medhi Swati M Patki Bishnu Ram Das Lisa Sarangi Afsal Hakim Suresh Balan Baer Philip Ravikumar Subrata Baidya Abhik Sinha Boddepalli Nagendra Naidu Bikash Chandra Nayak Anoop Dev Pallavi Boro Debarshi Paul Amrita Sarkar Bhavesh Bariya Jatin Chhaya Dixit Chauhan Mithun Sanghavi Nilesh Thakor Rohit Ram Hinal Baria Abhilash Sood Anupam Parashar Yangchen Dolma Rakesh Bahl Dilip Kumar Mohammad Salim Khan A K Jayasree Zinia Nujum Sheela P Haveri Dinesh Bhatnagar Subrata Kumar Palo Priyesh Marskole Prashant Verma Dinesh Kumar Pal Neelam Toppo Sanjay R Quraishi Sunil Panigrahi Rambadan Chauhan Jayashree Gothankar Swapnali S Kadam Dasi Rao Sudhir Wanje Pallavi Uplap Ningombam Joenna Devi Rikrak Ch Marak Markordor Lyngdoh Manoj B Patki Satyajit Sundar Ray Kavita Vasudevan Mahesh Satija Mahesh Choudhary Mitin Parmar Venkatesh Govindasamy Karlapudi Nitesh Kumar Goutham Thumari Amar Tripura Chanda Mog Shampa Das Ritesh Singh Chandra Shekar Maity Mamta Gehlawat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ee6b1ee1d294a77975f6270c6e5851b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ee6b1ee1d294a77975f6270c6e5851b2025-01-31T03:30:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-07-0112710.1136/bmjopen-2021-060197Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 Swati MahajanAmar Shah0Sarit SharmaRituparna DasKathiresan Jeyashree1Mathavaswami Vijayageetha2Bhavesh Modi3Burugina Nagaraja Sharath4Vijay SinghShamim MannanSairu PhilipJasleen Kaur5Ranjani Ramachandran6Raghuram Rao7Sriram Selvaraju8Bency Joseph9Vaibhav Shah10Kiran Rade11Lalit SankheSurinder SinghSandeep Chauhan12Anupam BanerjeeDevender KumarGanapathy KalaiselvanBhavin Vadera13Paras MehtaMeenakumari Natarajan14Manoj Murhekar15Aswathy Sreedevi16Jeromie Thangaraj17Saravanakumar Velusamy18Sasidharan Akhil19Dhanapal Sudha Rani20Ramasamy Sabarinathan21Sakthivel Manikandanesan22Rajalakshmi Elumalai23Amarendra Mahapatra24Almas Shamim25Ashok Bhardwaj26Anil Purty27Anand Sridhar28Aniket Chowdhury29Asif Shafie30Avijit Choudhury31Deka Dhrubjyoti32Hardik Solanki33Krushna Sirmanwar34Kshitij Khaparde35Malik Parmar36Nisha Dahiya37Parija Debdutta38Quazi Ahmed39Ranjeet Prasad40Rohini Shinde41Rupali Baruah42Sandip Bharaswadkar43Shanta Achanta44Shibu Balakrishnan45Shivani Chandra46Sophia Khumukcham47Sudarsan Mandal48Sumitha Chalil49Venkatesh Roddawar50Kuldeep Sachdeva51Jayakrishna KuradaMayank SharmaDebajyoti MohapatraYogesh Patel52Sapna ThekkepatKarthikeyan KumaraswamyMallika TharakanShramana MajumdarVrinda ManochaSukriti ChauhanShekhar WaikarPuja AmbuleKrithika MuraliDevi Madhavi BhimarasettyTulika GoswamiDarshan MahyavanshiKrutarth BhrahmbhattBhautik ModiAnmol Gupta53Sunil RainaRajiv Kumar GuptaRatnesh Sinha54Manju ToppoGajen MedhiSwati M PatkiBishnu Ram DasLisa SarangiAfsal HakimSuresh BalanBaer Philip RavikumarSubrata BaidyaAbhik Sinha55Boddepalli Nagendra NaiduBikash Chandra NayakAnoop DevPallavi BoroDebarshi PaulAmrita SarkarBhavesh BariyaJatin ChhayaDixit ChauhanMithun SanghaviNilesh ThakorRohit RamHinal BariaAbhilash SoodAnupam ParasharYangchen DolmaRakesh BahlDilip KumarMohammad Salim KhanA K JayasreeZinia NujumSheela P HaveriDinesh BhatnagarSubrata Kumar PaloPriyesh MarskolePrashant VermaDinesh Kumar PalNeelam ToppoSanjay R QuraishiSunil PanigrahiRambadan ChauhanJayashree GothankarSwapnali S KadamDasi RaoSudhir WanjePallavi UplapNingombam Joenna DeviRikrak Ch MarakMarkordor LyngdohManoj B PatkiSatyajit Sundar RayKavita VasudevanMahesh SatijaMahesh ChoudharyMitin ParmarVenkatesh GovindasamyKarlapudi Nitesh KumarGoutham ThumariAmar TripuraChanda MogShampa DasRitesh SinghChandra Shekar MaityMamta GehlawatUSAID India Mission, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaGMERS Medical College & Civil Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru-560010, Karnataka, IndiaPsychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, CanadaWorld Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, IndiaNational Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), Central TB Division, India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, IndiaICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWorld Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Mumbai, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCommunity Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaMM Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaPondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaWorld Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaPATH India, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWorld Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaCDC, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaGauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaWHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, IndiaPATH India, New Delhi, IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaRegeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USAIndira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India5 Division of Ageing Research, ICMR Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaObjectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/7/e060197.full |
| spellingShingle | Swati Mahajan Amar Shah Sarit Sharma Rituparna Das Kathiresan Jeyashree Mathavaswami Vijayageetha Bhavesh Modi Burugina Nagaraja Sharath Vijay Singh Shamim Mannan Sairu Philip Jasleen Kaur Ranjani Ramachandran Raghuram Rao Sriram Selvaraju Bency Joseph Vaibhav Shah Kiran Rade Lalit Sankhe Surinder Singh Sandeep Chauhan Anupam Banerjee Devender Kumar Ganapathy Kalaiselvan Bhavin Vadera Paras Mehta Meenakumari Natarajan Manoj Murhekar Aswathy Sreedevi Jeromie Thangaraj Saravanakumar Velusamy Sasidharan Akhil Dhanapal Sudha Rani Ramasamy Sabarinathan Sakthivel Manikandanesan Rajalakshmi Elumalai Amarendra Mahapatra Almas Shamim Ashok Bhardwaj Anil Purty Anand Sridhar Aniket Chowdhury Asif Shafie Avijit Choudhury Deka Dhrubjyoti Hardik Solanki Krushna Sirmanwar Kshitij Khaparde Malik Parmar Nisha Dahiya Parija Debdutta Quazi Ahmed Ranjeet Prasad Rohini Shinde Rupali Baruah Sandip Bharaswadkar Shanta Achanta Shibu Balakrishnan Shivani Chandra Sophia Khumukcham Sudarsan Mandal Sumitha Chalil Venkatesh Roddawar Kuldeep Sachdeva Jayakrishna Kurada Mayank Sharma Debajyoti Mohapatra Yogesh Patel Sapna Thekkepat Karthikeyan Kumaraswamy Mallika Tharakan Shramana Majumdar Vrinda Manocha Sukriti Chauhan Shekhar Waikar Puja Ambule Krithika Murali Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty Tulika Goswami Darshan Mahyavanshi Krutarth Bhrahmbhatt Bhautik Modi Anmol Gupta Sunil Raina Rajiv Kumar Gupta Ratnesh Sinha Manju Toppo Gajen Medhi Swati M Patki Bishnu Ram Das Lisa Sarangi Afsal Hakim Suresh Balan Baer Philip Ravikumar Subrata Baidya Abhik Sinha Boddepalli Nagendra Naidu Bikash Chandra Nayak Anoop Dev Pallavi Boro Debarshi Paul Amrita Sarkar Bhavesh Bariya Jatin Chhaya Dixit Chauhan Mithun Sanghavi Nilesh Thakor Rohit Ram Hinal Baria Abhilash Sood Anupam Parashar Yangchen Dolma Rakesh Bahl Dilip Kumar Mohammad Salim Khan A K Jayasree Zinia Nujum Sheela P Haveri Dinesh Bhatnagar Subrata Kumar Palo Priyesh Marskole Prashant Verma Dinesh Kumar Pal Neelam Toppo Sanjay R Quraishi Sunil Panigrahi Rambadan Chauhan Jayashree Gothankar Swapnali S Kadam Dasi Rao Sudhir Wanje Pallavi Uplap Ningombam Joenna Devi Rikrak Ch Marak Markordor Lyngdoh Manoj B Patki Satyajit Sundar Ray Kavita Vasudevan Mahesh Satija Mahesh Choudhary Mitin Parmar Venkatesh Govindasamy Karlapudi Nitesh Kumar Goutham Thumari Amar Tripura Chanda Mog Shampa Das Ritesh Singh Chandra Shekar Maity Mamta Gehlawat Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 BMJ Open |
| title | Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 |
| title_full | Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 |
| title_short | Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020 |
| title_sort | estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending tb in india 2015 2020 |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/7/e060197.full |
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