Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characteriz...
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Elsevier
2025-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911025000152 |
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| author | Kai Yang Guoqiang qin RuoYong Jia Haoqian Zhang Qiangqiang Gan Shao-You Lu Jian-Jun Liu Zhong-Ze Fang |
| author_facet | Kai Yang Guoqiang qin RuoYong Jia Haoqian Zhang Qiangqiang Gan Shao-You Lu Jian-Jun Liu Zhong-Ze Fang |
| author_sort | Kai Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0edc99a5c78241debff45c6e6cfa381c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-9110 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-0edc99a5c78241debff45c6e6cfa381c2025-08-20T03:24:00ZengElsevierJournal of Hazardous Materials Letters2666-91102025-11-01610015510.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterizationKai Yang0Guoqiang qin1RuoYong Jia2Haoqian Zhang3Qiangqiang Gan4Shao-You Lu5Jian-Jun Liu6Zhong-Ze Fang7Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, ChinaJiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Second People's Hospital, Nanchang, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Corresponding author.Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911025000152Chlorophenols (CPs)Sulfotransferases (SULTs)Metabolic characterization |
| spellingShingle | Kai Yang Guoqiang qin RuoYong Jia Haoqian Zhang Qiangqiang Gan Shao-You Lu Jian-Jun Liu Zhong-Ze Fang Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters Chlorophenols (CPs) Sulfotransferases (SULTs) Metabolic characterization |
| title | Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization |
| title_full | Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization |
| title_fullStr | Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization |
| title_short | Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization |
| title_sort | sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism metabolites identification and metabolic characterization |
| topic | Chlorophenols (CPs) Sulfotransferases (SULTs) Metabolic characterization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911025000152 |
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