Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization

Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characteriz...

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Main Authors: Kai Yang, Guoqiang qin, RuoYong Jia, Haoqian Zhang, Qiangqiang Gan, Shao-You Lu, Jian-Jun Liu, Zhong-Ze Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-11-01
Series:Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911025000152
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author Kai Yang
Guoqiang qin
RuoYong Jia
Haoqian Zhang
Qiangqiang Gan
Shao-You Lu
Jian-Jun Liu
Zhong-Ze Fang
author_facet Kai Yang
Guoqiang qin
RuoYong Jia
Haoqian Zhang
Qiangqiang Gan
Shao-You Lu
Jian-Jun Liu
Zhong-Ze Fang
author_sort Kai Yang
collection DOAJ
description Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective.
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spelling doaj-art-0edc99a5c78241debff45c6e6cfa381c2025-08-20T03:24:00ZengElsevierJournal of Hazardous Materials Letters2666-91102025-11-01610015510.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterizationKai Yang0Guoqiang qin1RuoYong Jia2Haoqian Zhang3Qiangqiang Gan4Shao-You Lu5Jian-Jun Liu6Zhong-Ze Fang7Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, ChinaJiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Second People's Hospital, Nanchang, ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Corresponding author.Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911025000152Chlorophenols (CPs)Sulfotransferases (SULTs)Metabolic characterization
spellingShingle Kai Yang
Guoqiang qin
RuoYong Jia
Haoqian Zhang
Qiangqiang Gan
Shao-You Lu
Jian-Jun Liu
Zhong-Ze Fang
Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters
Chlorophenols (CPs)
Sulfotransferases (SULTs)
Metabolic characterization
title Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
title_full Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
title_fullStr Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
title_full_unstemmed Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
title_short Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
title_sort sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism metabolites identification and metabolic characterization
topic Chlorophenols (CPs)
Sulfotransferases (SULTs)
Metabolic characterization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911025000152
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AT qiangqianggan sulfotransferasesinmediatingthechlorophenolmetabolismmetabolitesidentificationandmetaboliccharacterization
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