Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors
Abstract We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics and spatial distribution of energy, momentum, and in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of High Energy Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)025 |
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| author | Zeinab Dehghan F. Almaksusi K. Azizi |
| author_facet | Zeinab Dehghan F. Almaksusi K. Azizi |
| author_sort | Zeinab Dehghan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics and spatial distribution of energy, momentum, and internal forces within the proton. The flavor decomposition of the quark sector indicates the role of each flavor in the proton’s pressure and shear force distributions. Our results show that the up quark contributes more significantly compared to the down quark in the three conserved proton GFFs, as well as in the energy and shear force distributions. Additionally, we define the non-conserved form factor c ¯ q t $$ {\overline{c}}^q(t) $$ , which takes part in the distributions of energy and pressure; the latter is essential for maintaining proton stability. Furthermore, we determine the proton’s mass and mechanical radii, providing valuable insight into its internal structure and dynamics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ed4dabe9e774d9ca1833eeaacc38779 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1029-8479 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ed4dabe9e774d9ca1833eeaacc387792025-08-20T04:01:42ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-06-012025612910.1007/JHEP06(2025)025Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factorsZeinab Dehghan0F. Almaksusi1K. Azizi2Department of Physics, University of TehranDepartment of Physics, University of TehranDepartment of Physics, University of TehranAbstract We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics and spatial distribution of energy, momentum, and internal forces within the proton. The flavor decomposition of the quark sector indicates the role of each flavor in the proton’s pressure and shear force distributions. Our results show that the up quark contributes more significantly compared to the down quark in the three conserved proton GFFs, as well as in the energy and shear force distributions. Additionally, we define the non-conserved form factor c ¯ q t $$ {\overline{c}}^q(t) $$ , which takes part in the distributions of energy and pressure; the latter is essential for maintaining proton stability. Furthermore, we determine the proton’s mass and mechanical radii, providing valuable insight into its internal structure and dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)025Properties of HadronsSpecific QCD Phenomenology |
| spellingShingle | Zeinab Dehghan F. Almaksusi K. Azizi Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors Journal of High Energy Physics Properties of Hadrons Specific QCD Phenomenology |
| title | Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors |
| title_full | Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors |
| title_short | Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors |
| title_sort | mechanical properties of proton using flavor decomposed gravitational form factors |
| topic | Properties of Hadrons Specific QCD Phenomenology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)025 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zeinabdehghan mechanicalpropertiesofprotonusingflavordecomposedgravitationalformfactors AT falmaksusi mechanicalpropertiesofprotonusingflavordecomposedgravitationalformfactors AT kazizi mechanicalpropertiesofprotonusingflavordecomposedgravitationalformfactors |