Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode

Currently, the electroencephalogram (EEG) cap is limited to a finite number of sizes based on head circumference, lacking the mechanical flexibility to accommodate the full range of skull dimensions. This reliance on head circumference data alone often results in a poor fit between the EEG cap and t...

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Main Authors: Junyi Zhang, Deyu Zhao, Yue Li, Gege Ming, Weihua Pei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4037
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author Junyi Zhang
Deyu Zhao
Yue Li
Gege Ming
Weihua Pei
author_facet Junyi Zhang
Deyu Zhao
Yue Li
Gege Ming
Weihua Pei
author_sort Junyi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Currently, the electroencephalogram (EEG) cap is limited to a finite number of sizes based on head circumference, lacking the mechanical flexibility to accommodate the full range of skull dimensions. This reliance on head circumference data alone often results in a poor fit between the EEG cap and the user’s head shape. To address these limitations, we have developed a four-dimensional (4D) adjustable EEG cap. This cap features an adjustable mechanism that covers the entire cranial area in four dimensions, allowing it to fit the head shapes of nearly all adults. The system is compatible with 64 channels or lower electrode counts. We conducted a study with numerous volunteers to compare the performance characteristics of the 4D caps with the commercial (COML) caps in terms of contact pressure, preparation time, wearing impedance, and performance in brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. The 4D cap demonstrated the ability to adapt to various head shapes more quickly, reduce impedance during testing, and enhance measurement accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and comfort. These improvements suggest its potential for broader application in both laboratory settings and daily life.
format Article
id doaj-art-0ed19b0efb1f4bb38ae014d2bd337955
institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-0ed19b0efb1f4bb38ae014d2bd3379552025-08-20T03:29:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012513403710.3390/s25134037Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel ElectrodeJunyi Zhang0Deyu Zhao1Yue Li2Gege Ming3Weihua Pei4The School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215000, ChinaThe Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300000, ChinaThe School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215000, ChinaThe Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, ChinaThe Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaCurrently, the electroencephalogram (EEG) cap is limited to a finite number of sizes based on head circumference, lacking the mechanical flexibility to accommodate the full range of skull dimensions. This reliance on head circumference data alone often results in a poor fit between the EEG cap and the user’s head shape. To address these limitations, we have developed a four-dimensional (4D) adjustable EEG cap. This cap features an adjustable mechanism that covers the entire cranial area in four dimensions, allowing it to fit the head shapes of nearly all adults. The system is compatible with 64 channels or lower electrode counts. We conducted a study with numerous volunteers to compare the performance characteristics of the 4D caps with the commercial (COML) caps in terms of contact pressure, preparation time, wearing impedance, and performance in brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. The 4D cap demonstrated the ability to adapt to various head shapes more quickly, reduce impedance during testing, and enhance measurement accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and comfort. These improvements suggest its potential for broader application in both laboratory settings and daily life.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4037solid–gel electrodesemi-dry electrodeadjustable EEG capbrain–computer interface
spellingShingle Junyi Zhang
Deyu Zhao
Yue Li
Gege Ming
Weihua Pei
Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode
Sensors
solid–gel electrode
semi-dry electrode
adjustable EEG cap
brain–computer interface
title Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode
title_full Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode
title_fullStr Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode
title_full_unstemmed Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode
title_short Four-Dimensional Adjustable Electroencephalography Cap for Solid–Gel Electrode
title_sort four dimensional adjustable electroencephalography cap for solid gel electrode
topic solid–gel electrode
semi-dry electrode
adjustable EEG cap
brain–computer interface
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4037
work_keys_str_mv AT junyizhang fourdimensionaladjustableelectroencephalographycapforsolidgelelectrode
AT deyuzhao fourdimensionaladjustableelectroencephalographycapforsolidgelelectrode
AT yueli fourdimensionaladjustableelectroencephalographycapforsolidgelelectrode
AT gegeming fourdimensionaladjustableelectroencephalographycapforsolidgelelectrode
AT weihuapei fourdimensionaladjustableelectroencephalographycapforsolidgelelectrode