Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis

In this study, four representative varieties of watercored apples (‘Fuburuisi’, ‘Meima Fuji’, ‘Yanfu No.3’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’) from the Zhaotong production area of Yunnan were selected as research subjects. The differences in watercore and nutritional quality among the four apple varieties were explor...

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Main Authors: Xinyi YIN, Zhuyin LIU, Guijing LI, Maiqi ZHANG, Yongli JIANG, Zhijia LIU, Linyan ZHOU, Junjie YI
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: The editorial department of Science and Technology of Food Industry 2025-07-01
Series:Shipin gongye ke-ji
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Online Access:http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024100165
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author Xinyi YIN
Zhuyin LIU
Guijing LI
Maiqi ZHANG
Yongli JIANG
Zhijia LIU
Linyan ZHOU
Junjie YI
author_facet Xinyi YIN
Zhuyin LIU
Guijing LI
Maiqi ZHANG
Yongli JIANG
Zhijia LIU
Linyan ZHOU
Junjie YI
author_sort Xinyi YIN
collection DOAJ
description In this study, four representative varieties of watercored apples (‘Fuburuisi’, ‘Meima Fuji’, ‘Yanfu No.3’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’) from the Zhaotong production area of Yunnan were selected as research subjects. The differences in watercore and nutritional quality among the four apple varieties were explored through measurements of watercore index, color, flavor, and nutritional components. The results indicated that the watercore degree was highest in ‘Fuburuisi’ and lowest in ‘Meima Fuji’. In terms of appearance, ‘Yanfu No.3’ was observed to have the darkest peel color, while ‘Fuburuisi’ exhibited the darkest flesh color. ‘Yanfu No.8’ was found to have the lightest peel color, while ‘Meima Fuji’ was found to have the lightest flesh color. Regarding taste, ‘Meima Fuji’ was characterized by the highest soluble solid-to-acid ratio. In terms of aroma, ‘Yanfu No.3’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’ were shown to have highly similar aromatic profiles, whereas ‘Fuburuisi’ contained the most diverse and abundant volatile compounds. Concerning nutritional components, higher phenolic and total flavonoid contents were detected in ‘Fuburuisi’ and ‘Yanfu No.3’ compared to ‘Meima Fuji’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’, and the highest vitamin C content was recorded in ‘Yanfu No.3’. Through correlation analysis, it was determined that watercore was highly correlated with flesh color, a higher degree of watercore was associated with darker and more reddish-yellow flesh, although no correlation was found with peel color. The watercore index was found to be strongly associated with apple flavor, exhibiting positive correlations with total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), malic acid, and sorbitol content, but negative correlations with pH, soluble solid-to-acid ratio, starch, and quinic acid content. In terms of volatile compounds, the watercore index was positively correlated with aldehydes and terpenes but negatively correlated with esters. Regarding nutritional components, watercore was positively correlated with flavonoid and phenolic content. Comprehensive analysis suggested that watercore not only contributes to darker flesh coloration but also influences taste and aroma. Moreover, apples with higher watercore exhibited greater nutritional value.
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spelling doaj-art-0ecfbf4933cc40beace218532ba411152025-08-20T02:41:30ZzhoThe editorial department of Science and Technology of Food IndustryShipin gongye ke-ji1002-03062025-07-014614587010.13386/j.issn1002-0306.20241001652024100165-14Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation AnalysisXinyi YIN0Zhuyin LIU1Guijing LI2Maiqi ZHANG3Yongli JIANG4Zhijia LIU5Linyan ZHOU6Junjie YI7Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, ChinaIn this study, four representative varieties of watercored apples (‘Fuburuisi’, ‘Meima Fuji’, ‘Yanfu No.3’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’) from the Zhaotong production area of Yunnan were selected as research subjects. The differences in watercore and nutritional quality among the four apple varieties were explored through measurements of watercore index, color, flavor, and nutritional components. The results indicated that the watercore degree was highest in ‘Fuburuisi’ and lowest in ‘Meima Fuji’. In terms of appearance, ‘Yanfu No.3’ was observed to have the darkest peel color, while ‘Fuburuisi’ exhibited the darkest flesh color. ‘Yanfu No.8’ was found to have the lightest peel color, while ‘Meima Fuji’ was found to have the lightest flesh color. Regarding taste, ‘Meima Fuji’ was characterized by the highest soluble solid-to-acid ratio. In terms of aroma, ‘Yanfu No.3’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’ were shown to have highly similar aromatic profiles, whereas ‘Fuburuisi’ contained the most diverse and abundant volatile compounds. Concerning nutritional components, higher phenolic and total flavonoid contents were detected in ‘Fuburuisi’ and ‘Yanfu No.3’ compared to ‘Meima Fuji’ and ‘Yanfu No.8’, and the highest vitamin C content was recorded in ‘Yanfu No.3’. Through correlation analysis, it was determined that watercore was highly correlated with flesh color, a higher degree of watercore was associated with darker and more reddish-yellow flesh, although no correlation was found with peel color. The watercore index was found to be strongly associated with apple flavor, exhibiting positive correlations with total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), malic acid, and sorbitol content, but negative correlations with pH, soluble solid-to-acid ratio, starch, and quinic acid content. In terms of volatile compounds, the watercore index was positively correlated with aldehydes and terpenes but negatively correlated with esters. Regarding nutritional components, watercore was positively correlated with flavonoid and phenolic content. Comprehensive analysis suggested that watercore not only contributes to darker flesh coloration but also influences taste and aroma. Moreover, apples with higher watercore exhibited greater nutritional value.http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024100165watercored applevarietiesflavornutritional valuecorrelation analysis
spellingShingle Xinyi YIN
Zhuyin LIU
Guijing LI
Maiqi ZHANG
Yongli JIANG
Zhijia LIU
Linyan ZHOU
Junjie YI
Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis
Shipin gongye ke-ji
watercored apple
varieties
flavor
nutritional value
correlation analysis
title Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis
title_full Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis
title_fullStr Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis
title_short Effects of Different Varieties on the Degree of Watercore and Quality of Apples: A Correlation Analysis
title_sort effects of different varieties on the degree of watercore and quality of apples a correlation analysis
topic watercored apple
varieties
flavor
nutritional value
correlation analysis
url http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024100165
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