Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains
The net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) of spruce forest ecosystems is poorly understood by the lack of measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Qilian Mountain of Western China. Thus, we conducted consecutive measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using tower...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Bingying Qiao Lili Sheng Kelong Chen Yangong Du |
| author_facet | Bingying Qiao Lili Sheng Kelong Chen Yangong Du |
| author_sort | Bingying Qiao |
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| description | The net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) of spruce forest ecosystems is poorly understood by the lack of measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Qilian Mountain of Western China. Thus, we conducted consecutive measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using tower-based the eddy covariance method from 2021 to 2022. These results indicated that daily NEE of spruce forest indicated a robust temporal pattern ranging from −28.43 to 29.62 g C m<sup>−2</sup> from 2021 to 2022. Remarkable carbon sink characteristics were presented from late May to late September. Month accumulative NEE fluxes ranged from −336.57 to 142.22 g C m<sup>−2</sup> in two years. Additionally, average carbon sink was 591.51 ± 37.41 g C m<sup>−2</sup> in Qilian Mountain. NEE was negatively driven by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and average air temperature (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as determined using the structural equation model. However, the direct effect coefficient of precipitation on NEE was weak. VPD was positively driven by air temperature and negatively determined by precipitation. In conclusion, a future warming scenario would significantly decrease the carbon sink of the spruce forest in Qilian Mountain. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0ebff64650d843e5ba8ee7e07ae452322025-08-20T02:24:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512684510.3390/app15126845Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian MountainsBingying Qiao0Lili Sheng1Kelong Chen2Yangong Du3College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100091, ChinaMinmetals Salt Lake Company, Xining 810001, ChinaCollege of Geosciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810005, ChinaCollege of Geosciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810005, ChinaThe net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) of spruce forest ecosystems is poorly understood by the lack of measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Qilian Mountain of Western China. Thus, we conducted consecutive measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using tower-based the eddy covariance method from 2021 to 2022. These results indicated that daily NEE of spruce forest indicated a robust temporal pattern ranging from −28.43 to 29.62 g C m<sup>−2</sup> from 2021 to 2022. Remarkable carbon sink characteristics were presented from late May to late September. Month accumulative NEE fluxes ranged from −336.57 to 142.22 g C m<sup>−2</sup> in two years. Additionally, average carbon sink was 591.51 ± 37.41 g C m<sup>−2</sup> in Qilian Mountain. NEE was negatively driven by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and average air temperature (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as determined using the structural equation model. However, the direct effect coefficient of precipitation on NEE was weak. VPD was positively driven by air temperature and negatively determined by precipitation. In conclusion, a future warming scenario would significantly decrease the carbon sink of the spruce forest in Qilian Mountain.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6845net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchangecarbon sinktower-based eddythrough structural equation modelQilian Mountain |
| spellingShingle | Bingying Qiao Lili Sheng Kelong Chen Yangong Du Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains Applied Sciences net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange carbon sink tower-based eddy through structural equation model Qilian Mountain |
| title | Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains |
| title_full | Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains |
| title_fullStr | Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains |
| title_short | Net Ecosystem Exchanges of Spruce Forest Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Two Consecutive Years in Qilian Mountains |
| title_sort | net ecosystem exchanges of spruce forest carbon dioxide fluxes in two consecutive years in qilian mountains |
| topic | net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange carbon sink tower-based eddy through structural equation model Qilian Mountain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6845 |
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