Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies
The development of sodium-ion battery technology has played a pivotal role in driving innovation within the energy storage field. Over the past several years, ranging from laboratories to industrial practice, this field has achieved phased results. However, current sodium-ion battery systems are har...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tsinghua University Press
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Nano Research Energy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NRE.2025.9120165 |
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| author | Yujie Guo Shun Ji Jinlin Wang Ziyi Zhu Yanjia Zhang Jie Xiao Feng Liu Xiaoyuan Zeng |
| author_facet | Yujie Guo Shun Ji Jinlin Wang Ziyi Zhu Yanjia Zhang Jie Xiao Feng Liu Xiaoyuan Zeng |
| author_sort | Yujie Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of sodium-ion battery technology has played a pivotal role in driving innovation within the energy storage field. Over the past several years, ranging from laboratories to industrial practice, this field has achieved phased results. However, current sodium-ion battery systems are hard-pressed to meet the increasingly stringent demands of the market for high energy density, long cycle life, and rapid charging and discharging. In recent years, hard carbon anodes have attracted the attention of numerous researchers due to their unique structural characteristics and sodium-storage potential. This review systematically and comprehensively examines the working principles and compositions of sodium-ion battery, critically evaluates common anode materials, and analyzes the sodium storage mechanism in hard carbon. Moreover, this review comprehensively summarizes multi-dimensional performance improvement strategies, such as morphology engineering, heteroatom functionalization, defect engineering, and electrolyte optimization, and deeply explores future development directions of sodium-ion batteries and hard carbon anode, offering more valuable insights and a solid theoretical foundation for promoting the development of hard carbon anode technology and accelerating the commercialization process of sodium-ion battery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0eb3222e6e7a4f7dacdf5abf6d2e00ab |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2791-0091 2790-8119 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Tsinghua University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nano Research Energy |
| spelling | doaj-art-0eb3222e6e7a4f7dacdf5abf6d2e00ab2025-08-20T03:12:16ZengTsinghua University PressNano Research Energy2791-00912790-81192025-06-0142e912016510.26599/NRE.2025.9120165Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategiesYujie Guo0Shun Ji1Jinlin Wang2Ziyi Zhu3Yanjia Zhang4Jie Xiao5Feng Liu6Xiaoyuan Zeng7National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Kunming 650093, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaThe development of sodium-ion battery technology has played a pivotal role in driving innovation within the energy storage field. Over the past several years, ranging from laboratories to industrial practice, this field has achieved phased results. However, current sodium-ion battery systems are hard-pressed to meet the increasingly stringent demands of the market for high energy density, long cycle life, and rapid charging and discharging. In recent years, hard carbon anodes have attracted the attention of numerous researchers due to their unique structural characteristics and sodium-storage potential. This review systematically and comprehensively examines the working principles and compositions of sodium-ion battery, critically evaluates common anode materials, and analyzes the sodium storage mechanism in hard carbon. Moreover, this review comprehensively summarizes multi-dimensional performance improvement strategies, such as morphology engineering, heteroatom functionalization, defect engineering, and electrolyte optimization, and deeply explores future development directions of sodium-ion batteries and hard carbon anode, offering more valuable insights and a solid theoretical foundation for promoting the development of hard carbon anode technology and accelerating the commercialization process of sodium-ion battery.https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NRE.2025.9120165sodium-ion batteryhard carbonsodium storage mechanismperformance optimization |
| spellingShingle | Yujie Guo Shun Ji Jinlin Wang Ziyi Zhu Yanjia Zhang Jie Xiao Feng Liu Xiaoyuan Zeng Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies Nano Research Energy sodium-ion battery hard carbon sodium storage mechanism performance optimization |
| title | Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies |
| title_full | Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies |
| title_fullStr | Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies |
| title_short | Advancing hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanisms and optimization strategies |
| title_sort | advancing hard carbon anode for sodium ion batteries mechanisms and optimization strategies |
| topic | sodium-ion battery hard carbon sodium storage mechanism performance optimization |
| url | https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NRE.2025.9120165 |
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