Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota

BackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI) is a serious and common complication that occurs in children with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, leading to higher mortality rates and poorer prognosis. Currently, there is no reliable predictive strategy for CPB-associated lung...

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Main Authors: Lan Jiang, Yueshuang Cun, Qiang Wang, Kede Wu, Menglong Hu, Zhen Wu, Tianyi Zhu, Zhaocong Yang, Nishant Patel, Xinyu Cai, Jirong Qi, Xuming Mo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362040/full
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author Lan Jiang
Yueshuang Cun
Qiang Wang
Kede Wu
Menglong Hu
Zhen Wu
Tianyi Zhu
Zhaocong Yang
Nishant Patel
Nishant Patel
Xinyu Cai
Xinyu Cai
Jirong Qi
Xuming Mo
author_facet Lan Jiang
Yueshuang Cun
Qiang Wang
Kede Wu
Menglong Hu
Zhen Wu
Tianyi Zhu
Zhaocong Yang
Nishant Patel
Nishant Patel
Xinyu Cai
Xinyu Cai
Jirong Qi
Xuming Mo
author_sort Lan Jiang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI) is a serious and common complication that occurs in children with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, leading to higher mortality rates and poorer prognosis. Currently, there is no reliable predictive strategy for CPB-associated lung injury (CPB-ALI) in infants. Certain characteristics of the gut microbiota could potentially serve as biomarkers for predicting the development of CPB-ALI.MethodsWe conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota in healthy controls and infants with CHD admitted to the hospital. The CHD infants were divided into CPB-ALI and non-ALI (CPB-NALI) groups based on postoperative outcomes. Bacterial functional pathway prediction analysis was performed using PIRCUSt2, and the gut microbiota composition associated with immune status was determined with heatmap. Random forest regression models and ROC curves were utilized to predict the occurrence of CPB-ALI.ResultsOur study revealed significantly different microbiota compositions among three groups (CON, CPB-ALI, and CPB-NALI). The microbiota diversity was low in the CPB-ALI group with high pathogen abundance and significant decrease in Bacteroides, while the opposite was observed in the CPB-NALI group. The microbiota dysbiosis index was high in the CPB-ALI group, with its dominant microbiota significantly associated with multiple metabolic pathways. Additionally, CPB-ALI patients showed high levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and HMGB1 in their serum, with high expression of IL-8 being associated with Enterobacteriaceae. Further correlation analysis showed that the differences in gut bacterial taxonomy were related to the occurrence of ALI, length of stay in the cardiac care unit, and ventilation time. It is noteworthy that Escherichia Shigella performed best in distinguishing CPB-ALI patients from non-ALI patients.ConclusionsOur study suggests that postoperative ALI patients have distinct gut microbiota upon admission compared to non-ALI patients after surgery. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may potentially impact the progression of ALI through metabolic pathways, quorum sensing, and the levels of inflammatory factors expressed in the serum. Escherichia Shigella represents a potential predictive factor for the occurrence of ALI in CHD infants after surgery. Acute lung injury, congenital heart disease, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, gut microbiota, biomarker
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spelling doaj-art-0ea7ad6452594884aebd11768ed2c1e62025-08-20T01:54:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-10-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.13620401362040Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiotaLan Jiang0Yueshuang Cun1Qiang Wang2Kede Wu3Menglong Hu4Zhen Wu5Tianyi Zhu6Zhaocong Yang7Nishant Patel8Nishant Patel9Xinyu Cai10Xinyu Cai11Jirong Qi12Xuming Mo13Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaBackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI) is a serious and common complication that occurs in children with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, leading to higher mortality rates and poorer prognosis. Currently, there is no reliable predictive strategy for CPB-associated lung injury (CPB-ALI) in infants. Certain characteristics of the gut microbiota could potentially serve as biomarkers for predicting the development of CPB-ALI.MethodsWe conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota in healthy controls and infants with CHD admitted to the hospital. The CHD infants were divided into CPB-ALI and non-ALI (CPB-NALI) groups based on postoperative outcomes. Bacterial functional pathway prediction analysis was performed using PIRCUSt2, and the gut microbiota composition associated with immune status was determined with heatmap. Random forest regression models and ROC curves were utilized to predict the occurrence of CPB-ALI.ResultsOur study revealed significantly different microbiota compositions among three groups (CON, CPB-ALI, and CPB-NALI). The microbiota diversity was low in the CPB-ALI group with high pathogen abundance and significant decrease in Bacteroides, while the opposite was observed in the CPB-NALI group. The microbiota dysbiosis index was high in the CPB-ALI group, with its dominant microbiota significantly associated with multiple metabolic pathways. Additionally, CPB-ALI patients showed high levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and HMGB1 in their serum, with high expression of IL-8 being associated with Enterobacteriaceae. Further correlation analysis showed that the differences in gut bacterial taxonomy were related to the occurrence of ALI, length of stay in the cardiac care unit, and ventilation time. It is noteworthy that Escherichia Shigella performed best in distinguishing CPB-ALI patients from non-ALI patients.ConclusionsOur study suggests that postoperative ALI patients have distinct gut microbiota upon admission compared to non-ALI patients after surgery. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may potentially impact the progression of ALI through metabolic pathways, quorum sensing, and the levels of inflammatory factors expressed in the serum. Escherichia Shigella represents a potential predictive factor for the occurrence of ALI in CHD infants after surgery. Acute lung injury, congenital heart disease, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, gut microbiota, biomarkerhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362040/fullacute lung injurycongenital heart diseasecardiopulmonary bypass surgerygut microbiotabiomarker
spellingShingle Lan Jiang
Yueshuang Cun
Qiang Wang
Kede Wu
Menglong Hu
Zhen Wu
Tianyi Zhu
Zhaocong Yang
Nishant Patel
Nishant Patel
Xinyu Cai
Xinyu Cai
Jirong Qi
Xuming Mo
Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
Frontiers in Immunology
acute lung injury
congenital heart disease
cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
gut microbiota
biomarker
title Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
title_full Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
title_fullStr Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
title_full_unstemmed Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
title_short Predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
title_sort predicting acute lung injury in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass by gut microbiota
topic acute lung injury
congenital heart disease
cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
gut microbiota
biomarker
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362040/full
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