SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast

Vanillin is a compound of great utility, and its production is, among others, based on using microorganisms such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yeast. The effect of vanillin on cells is not fully understood. It has been demonstrated that vanillin induces oxidative stress; however, ev...

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Main Authors: Sabina Bednarska, Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek, Roman Maslanka, Dominika Graboś, Gabriela Świniuch, Renata Zadrag-Tecza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/842
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author Sabina Bednarska
Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek
Roman Maslanka
Dominika Graboś
Gabriela Świniuch
Renata Zadrag-Tecza
author_facet Sabina Bednarska
Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek
Roman Maslanka
Dominika Graboś
Gabriela Świniuch
Renata Zadrag-Tecza
author_sort Sabina Bednarska
collection DOAJ
description Vanillin is a compound of great utility, and its production is, among others, based on using microorganisms such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yeast. The effect of vanillin on cells is not fully understood. It has been demonstrated that vanillin induces oxidative stress; however, evidence also suggests its beneficial effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For this reason, the present study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of vanillin’s action and to ascertain the extent to which its toxic effect is attributable to oxidative stress. The studies were conducted using wild-type and Δ<i>sod1</i> mutant strains. SOD1 deficiency results in cell hypersensitivity to oxidative factors, thus making the mutant strain a valuable model for investigating various aspects of oxidative stress. Based on an evaluation of cell vitality, Yap1p activation, ROS content, and glutathione and NADP(H) content, it can be concluded that oxidative stress is a secondary effect of metabolic and redox perturbations in cells rather than a direct consequence of vanillin reactivity. Furthermore, alterations observed in the redox couples GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup> are one of the reasons for oxidative stress and suggest that vanillin may induce the utilization of NADPH for cellular needs other than antioxidant effects.
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spelling doaj-art-0e9fc555f64c43c4a133ccf9ea8cca562025-08-20T02:45:33ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-07-0114784210.3390/antiox14070842SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> YeastSabina Bednarska0Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek1Roman Maslanka2Dominika Graboś3Gabriela Świniuch4Renata Zadrag-Tecza5Faculty of Biology and Nature Protection, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandFaculty of Biology and Nature Protection, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandFaculty of Biology and Nature Protection, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandFaculty of Biology and Nature Protection, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandFaculty of Biology and Nature Protection, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandFaculty of Biology and Nature Protection, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandVanillin is a compound of great utility, and its production is, among others, based on using microorganisms such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yeast. The effect of vanillin on cells is not fully understood. It has been demonstrated that vanillin induces oxidative stress; however, evidence also suggests its beneficial effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For this reason, the present study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of vanillin’s action and to ascertain the extent to which its toxic effect is attributable to oxidative stress. The studies were conducted using wild-type and Δ<i>sod1</i> mutant strains. SOD1 deficiency results in cell hypersensitivity to oxidative factors, thus making the mutant strain a valuable model for investigating various aspects of oxidative stress. Based on an evaluation of cell vitality, Yap1p activation, ROS content, and glutathione and NADP(H) content, it can be concluded that oxidative stress is a secondary effect of metabolic and redox perturbations in cells rather than a direct consequence of vanillin reactivity. Furthermore, alterations observed in the redox couples GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup> are one of the reasons for oxidative stress and suggest that vanillin may induce the utilization of NADPH for cellular needs other than antioxidant effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/842vanillinoxidative stresssuperoxide dismutaseROSredox homeostasis<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
spellingShingle Sabina Bednarska
Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek
Roman Maslanka
Dominika Graboś
Gabriela Świniuch
Renata Zadrag-Tecza
SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast
Antioxidants
vanillin
oxidative stress
superoxide dismutase
ROS
redox homeostasis
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
title SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast
title_full SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast
title_fullStr SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast
title_full_unstemmed SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast
title_short SOD1 Deficiency Reveals Indirect Redox Stress Mechanisms Underlying Vanillin Toxicity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Yeast
title_sort sod1 deficiency reveals indirect redox stress mechanisms underlying vanillin toxicity in i saccharomyces cerevisiae i yeast
topic vanillin
oxidative stress
superoxide dismutase
ROS
redox homeostasis
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/842
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