Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole
Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole exhibits large variations in its evolution depending on the presence of El Niño, with notable changes in intensity, duration, and peak phase. Here, using a simple Indian Ocean Dipole model and observational-reanalysis datasets, we revealed that Indian Ocean Dipole ev...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Communications Earth & Environment |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02302-4 |
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| author | Hyo-Jin Park Soon-Il An Jae-Heung Park Young-Min Yang Soong-Ki Kim |
| author_facet | Hyo-Jin Park Soon-Il An Jae-Heung Park Young-Min Yang Soong-Ki Kim |
| author_sort | Hyo-Jin Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole exhibits large variations in its evolution depending on the presence of El Niño, with notable changes in intensity, duration, and peak phase. Here, using a simple Indian Ocean Dipole model and observational-reanalysis datasets, we revealed that Indian Ocean Dipole events co-evolving with El Niño exhibit an early-summer growth-disruption, which results from a sudden decrease in Indian Ocean Dipole sensitivity to El Niño in May and June, despite the steadily increasing El Niño’s amplitude. In May and June, as the Intertropical Convergence Zone migrates northward with the onset of South Asian monsoon, El Niño-induced low-level cyclonic circulation causes Ekman upwelling over the western Indian Ocean, which stalls Indian Ocean Dipole development. Moist linear baroclinic model experiments verified that the Intertropical Convergence Zone modulates El Niño–Southern Oscillation’s impact on Indian Ocean Dipole seasonally. This study underscores the importance of understanding sub-seasonal dynamics of Indian Ocean Dipole evolution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0e95afccaacd4ceb855bd590f89a6599 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2662-4435 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications Earth & Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-0e95afccaacd4ceb855bd590f89a65992025-08-20T03:48:06ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-05-016111210.1038/s43247-025-02302-4Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean DipoleHyo-Jin Park0Soon-Il An1Jae-Heung Park2Young-Min Yang3Soong-Ki Kim4Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-guDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-guSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Jeonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale UniversityAbstract The Indian Ocean Dipole exhibits large variations in its evolution depending on the presence of El Niño, with notable changes in intensity, duration, and peak phase. Here, using a simple Indian Ocean Dipole model and observational-reanalysis datasets, we revealed that Indian Ocean Dipole events co-evolving with El Niño exhibit an early-summer growth-disruption, which results from a sudden decrease in Indian Ocean Dipole sensitivity to El Niño in May and June, despite the steadily increasing El Niño’s amplitude. In May and June, as the Intertropical Convergence Zone migrates northward with the onset of South Asian monsoon, El Niño-induced low-level cyclonic circulation causes Ekman upwelling over the western Indian Ocean, which stalls Indian Ocean Dipole development. Moist linear baroclinic model experiments verified that the Intertropical Convergence Zone modulates El Niño–Southern Oscillation’s impact on Indian Ocean Dipole seasonally. This study underscores the importance of understanding sub-seasonal dynamics of Indian Ocean Dipole evolution.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02302-4 |
| spellingShingle | Hyo-Jin Park Soon-Il An Jae-Heung Park Young-Min Yang Soong-Ki Kim Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole Communications Earth & Environment |
| title | Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole |
| title_full | Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole |
| title_fullStr | Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole |
| title_short | Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole |
| title_sort | sub seasonal impact of el nino southern oscillation on development of the indian ocean dipole |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02302-4 |
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