Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation

Abstract The composition of natural substances varies with plant species and cultivation environment factors, which is also a complex problem. A total of 127 substances of agarwood essential oils (AEOs) extracted by hydro-distillation were identified by GC-MS analysis. Among the components obtained...

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Main Authors: Si-Zhu Qian, Yong-Mei Jiang, Qiao-Ling Yan, De-Huai Wu, Wen-Xian Zhang, Jen-Ping Chung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85976-2
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author Si-Zhu Qian
Yong-Mei Jiang
Qiao-Ling Yan
De-Huai Wu
Wen-Xian Zhang
Jen-Ping Chung
author_facet Si-Zhu Qian
Yong-Mei Jiang
Qiao-Ling Yan
De-Huai Wu
Wen-Xian Zhang
Jen-Ping Chung
author_sort Si-Zhu Qian
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The composition of natural substances varies with plant species and cultivation environment factors, which is also a complex problem. A total of 127 substances of agarwood essential oils (AEOs) extracted by hydro-distillation were identified by GC-MS analysis. Among the components obtained from AEOs, sesquiterpenes and small molecule aromatic substances were the main components, and there were significantly fewer chromones. The aromatic compound 4-phenyl-2-butanone was the only common component. The VIP value and S-plot generated by the OPLS-DA model based on the comparison of regional groups or pairwise genotypes showed up to 26 potential markers at VIP > 1. The more common components of agarwood, such as sesquiterpenes α-guruene, agarospirol, guaiol, γ-eudesmol and chromone 2-phenylethyl-4H-chromen-4-one, contributed the most to the VIP value. Supervised OPLS-DA was better than that of PLS-DA, providing a reference for the quality evaluation of AEOs. This method emphasizes providing more information and obtaining additional information when combined with appropriate multivariate modeling and effective visualization of specific labeled metabolites for identification.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-0e8e6a00988f4f6187282576c2f7c0cb2025-08-20T02:48:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-85976-2Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillationSi-Zhu Qian0Yong-Mei Jiang1Qiao-Ling Yan2De-Huai Wu3Wen-Xian Zhang4Jen-Ping Chung5 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal UniversityNational Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Incense Products (Fujian) College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal UniversityFujian Vocational College of AgricultureAbstract The composition of natural substances varies with plant species and cultivation environment factors, which is also a complex problem. A total of 127 substances of agarwood essential oils (AEOs) extracted by hydro-distillation were identified by GC-MS analysis. Among the components obtained from AEOs, sesquiterpenes and small molecule aromatic substances were the main components, and there were significantly fewer chromones. The aromatic compound 4-phenyl-2-butanone was the only common component. The VIP value and S-plot generated by the OPLS-DA model based on the comparison of regional groups or pairwise genotypes showed up to 26 potential markers at VIP > 1. The more common components of agarwood, such as sesquiterpenes α-guruene, agarospirol, guaiol, γ-eudesmol and chromone 2-phenylethyl-4H-chromen-4-one, contributed the most to the VIP value. Supervised OPLS-DA was better than that of PLS-DA, providing a reference for the quality evaluation of AEOs. This method emphasizes providing more information and obtaining additional information when combined with appropriate multivariate modeling and effective visualization of specific labeled metabolites for identification.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85976-2AgarwoodEssential oilGC-MSChemometricsOPLS-DA
spellingShingle Si-Zhu Qian
Yong-Mei Jiang
Qiao-Ling Yan
De-Huai Wu
Wen-Xian Zhang
Jen-Ping Chung
Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
Scientific Reports
Agarwood
Essential oil
GC-MS
Chemometrics
OPLS-DA
title Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
title_full Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
title_fullStr Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
title_full_unstemmed Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
title_short Visualization OPLS class models of GC-MS-based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
title_sort visualization opls class models of gc ms based metabolomics data for identifying agarwood essential oil extracted by hydro distillation
topic Agarwood
Essential oil
GC-MS
Chemometrics
OPLS-DA
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85976-2
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