Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging

Objective. Sentinel node biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma improves staging, provides prognostic information, and leads to an increased survival in node-positive patients. However, frozen section analysis of the sentinel node is not reliable and definitive histopathology evaluation requires...

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Main Authors: Gerrit Cornelis Langhout, Diederik Johannes Grootendorst, Omgo Edo Nieweg, Michel Wilhelmus Jacobus Maria Wouters, Jos Alexander van der Hage, Jithin Jose, Hester van Boven, Wiendelt Steenbergen, Srirang Manohar, Theodoor Jacques Marie Ruers
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:International Journal of Biomedical Imaging
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/163652
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author Gerrit Cornelis Langhout
Diederik Johannes Grootendorst
Omgo Edo Nieweg
Michel Wilhelmus Jacobus Maria Wouters
Jos Alexander van der Hage
Jithin Jose
Hester van Boven
Wiendelt Steenbergen
Srirang Manohar
Theodoor Jacques Marie Ruers
author_facet Gerrit Cornelis Langhout
Diederik Johannes Grootendorst
Omgo Edo Nieweg
Michel Wilhelmus Jacobus Maria Wouters
Jos Alexander van der Hage
Jithin Jose
Hester van Boven
Wiendelt Steenbergen
Srirang Manohar
Theodoor Jacques Marie Ruers
author_sort Gerrit Cornelis Langhout
collection DOAJ
description Objective. Sentinel node biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma improves staging, provides prognostic information, and leads to an increased survival in node-positive patients. However, frozen section analysis of the sentinel node is not reliable and definitive histopathology evaluation requires days, preventing intraoperative decision-making and immediate therapy. Photoacoustic imaging can evaluate intact lymph nodes, but specificity can be hampered by other absorbers such as hemoglobin. Near infrared multispectral photoacoustic imaging is a new approach that has the potential to selectively detect melanin. The purpose of the present study is to examine the potential of multispectral photoacoustic imaging to identify melanoma metastasis in human lymph nodes. Methods. Three metastatic and nine benign lymph nodes from eight melanoma patients were scanned ex vivo using a Vevo LAZR© multispectral photoacoustic imager and were spectrally analyzed per pixel. The results were compared to histopathology as gold standard. Results. The nodal volume could be scanned within 20 minutes. An unmixing procedure was proposed to identify melanoma metastases with multispectral photoacoustic imaging. Ultrasound overlay enabled anatomical correlation. The penetration depth of the photoacoustic signal was up to 2 cm. Conclusion. Multispectral three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging allowed for selective identification of melanoma metastases in human lymph nodes.
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spelling doaj-art-0e8dda658cfb4518bdd3f188dd20d9782025-08-20T02:01:40ZengWileyInternational Journal of Biomedical Imaging1687-41881687-41962014-01-01201410.1155/2014/163652163652Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic ImagingGerrit Cornelis Langhout0Diederik Johannes Grootendorst1Omgo Edo Nieweg2Michel Wilhelmus Jacobus Maria Wouters3Jos Alexander van der Hage4Jithin Jose5Hester van Boven6Wiendelt Steenbergen7Srirang Manohar8Theodoor Jacques Marie Ruers9Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Post Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsMelanoma Institute Australia, 40 Rocklands Road, North Sydney, NSW 2060, AustraliaDepartment of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFujifilm Visualsonics Inc., Post Box 66, 3080 Yonge Street 6100, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Post Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsBiomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Post Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The NetherlandsObjective. Sentinel node biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma improves staging, provides prognostic information, and leads to an increased survival in node-positive patients. However, frozen section analysis of the sentinel node is not reliable and definitive histopathology evaluation requires days, preventing intraoperative decision-making and immediate therapy. Photoacoustic imaging can evaluate intact lymph nodes, but specificity can be hampered by other absorbers such as hemoglobin. Near infrared multispectral photoacoustic imaging is a new approach that has the potential to selectively detect melanin. The purpose of the present study is to examine the potential of multispectral photoacoustic imaging to identify melanoma metastasis in human lymph nodes. Methods. Three metastatic and nine benign lymph nodes from eight melanoma patients were scanned ex vivo using a Vevo LAZR© multispectral photoacoustic imager and were spectrally analyzed per pixel. The results were compared to histopathology as gold standard. Results. The nodal volume could be scanned within 20 minutes. An unmixing procedure was proposed to identify melanoma metastases with multispectral photoacoustic imaging. Ultrasound overlay enabled anatomical correlation. The penetration depth of the photoacoustic signal was up to 2 cm. Conclusion. Multispectral three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging allowed for selective identification of melanoma metastases in human lymph nodes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/163652
spellingShingle Gerrit Cornelis Langhout
Diederik Johannes Grootendorst
Omgo Edo Nieweg
Michel Wilhelmus Jacobus Maria Wouters
Jos Alexander van der Hage
Jithin Jose
Hester van Boven
Wiendelt Steenbergen
Srirang Manohar
Theodoor Jacques Marie Ruers
Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
International Journal of Biomedical Imaging
title Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
title_full Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
title_fullStr Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
title_short Detection of Melanoma Metastases in Resected Human Lymph Nodes by Noninvasive Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
title_sort detection of melanoma metastases in resected human lymph nodes by noninvasive multispectral photoacoustic imaging
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/163652
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