Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination

Purpose: To assess the features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis (HK) developing following COVID-19 vaccination. Material and Methods: Medical records of 31 patients (34 eyes) with post-COVID-19 vaccination HK were reviewed. The patients were divided into two post-COVID-1...

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Main Authors: K.V. Sereda, G.I. Drozhzhyna, N.I. Khramenko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ukrainian Society of Ophthalmologists 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://ua.ozhurnal.com/index.php/files/article/view/224
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author K.V. Sereda
G.I. Drozhzhyna
N.I. Khramenko
author_facet K.V. Sereda
G.I. Drozhzhyna
N.I. Khramenko
author_sort K.V. Sereda
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: To assess the features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis (HK) developing following COVID-19 vaccination. Material and Methods: Medical records of 31 patients (34 eyes) with post-COVID-19 vaccination HK were reviewed. The patients were divided into two post-COVID-19 vaccination HK groups: group 1 with primary HK (9 patients; 9 eyes) and group 2 with recurrent HK (22 patients; 25 eyes). Levels of total vitamin D, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1/2, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) were assessed in venous serum. Results: The median time (interquartile range (IQR)) from COVID-19 vaccination to the development of keratitis was 15 days (10-30) for patients with primary HK and 7 days (4-10) for patients with recurrent HK. The level of vitamin D in venous serum was lower than normal in 84.2% of the total sample of patients. Of the eyes that developed primary HK following COVID-19 vaccination, 3 (33.3%) had dendritic HK and 6 (66.7%) had non-necrotizing stromal HK. Of the eyes that developed recurrent HK following COVID-19 vaccination, 2 (8%) had dendritic HK, 21 (81%) had non-necrotizing stromal HK and 2 (6%) had ulcerative necrotizing HK. Conclusion: Non-necrotizing stromal HK was the most common form of post COVID-19 vaccination HK in both groups. The level of vitamin D in venous serum was lower than normal in 84.2% of post COVID-19 vaccination patients with HK. Levels of anti-HSV IgG, anti-EBNA IgG, anti-VZV IgG, and anti-CMV IgG antibodies in venous serum exceeded normal ranges in 86.5%, 96.4%, 92%, and 88.8%, respectively, of post COVID-19 vaccination patients with HK.
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spelling doaj-art-0e8c7c52502f45e68fc2d0e13f4815402025-08-20T03:00:21ZengUkrainian Society of OphthalmologistsJournal of Ophthalmology2412-87402025-02-0113810.31288/oftalmolzh2025138Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccinationK.V. Sereda0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-780XG.I. Drozhzhyna1N.I. Khramenko2SI "The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine"SI "The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine"SI "The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine"Purpose: To assess the features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis (HK) developing following COVID-19 vaccination. Material and Methods: Medical records of 31 patients (34 eyes) with post-COVID-19 vaccination HK were reviewed. The patients were divided into two post-COVID-19 vaccination HK groups: group 1 with primary HK (9 patients; 9 eyes) and group 2 with recurrent HK (22 patients; 25 eyes). Levels of total vitamin D, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1/2, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) were assessed in venous serum. Results: The median time (interquartile range (IQR)) from COVID-19 vaccination to the development of keratitis was 15 days (10-30) for patients with primary HK and 7 days (4-10) for patients with recurrent HK. The level of vitamin D in venous serum was lower than normal in 84.2% of the total sample of patients. Of the eyes that developed primary HK following COVID-19 vaccination, 3 (33.3%) had dendritic HK and 6 (66.7%) had non-necrotizing stromal HK. Of the eyes that developed recurrent HK following COVID-19 vaccination, 2 (8%) had dendritic HK, 21 (81%) had non-necrotizing stromal HK and 2 (6%) had ulcerative necrotizing HK. Conclusion: Non-necrotizing stromal HK was the most common form of post COVID-19 vaccination HK in both groups. The level of vitamin D in venous serum was lower than normal in 84.2% of post COVID-19 vaccination patients with HK. Levels of anti-HSV IgG, anti-EBNA IgG, anti-VZV IgG, and anti-CMV IgG antibodies in venous serum exceeded normal ranges in 86.5%, 96.4%, 92%, and 88.8%, respectively, of post COVID-19 vaccination patients with HK.https://ua.ozhurnal.com/index.php/files/article/view/224covid-19herpetic keratitisrecurrent herpetic keratitisherpes viruscorneavaccine
spellingShingle K.V. Sereda
G.I. Drozhzhyna
N.I. Khramenko
Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination
Journal of Ophthalmology
covid-19
herpetic keratitis
recurrent herpetic keratitis
herpes virus
cornea
vaccine
title Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination
title_full Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination
title_fullStr Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination
title_short Features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following COVID-19 vaccination
title_sort features of the course of primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis developing following covid 19 vaccination
topic covid-19
herpetic keratitis
recurrent herpetic keratitis
herpes virus
cornea
vaccine
url https://ua.ozhurnal.com/index.php/files/article/view/224
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AT gidrozhzhyna featuresofthecourseofprimaryandrecurrentherpetickeratitisdevelopingfollowingcovid19vaccination
AT nikhramenko featuresofthecourseofprimaryandrecurrentherpetickeratitisdevelopingfollowingcovid19vaccination