Occurrence and Monitoring of the Zoonotic Pathogen <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> in Various Zoo Animal Species

Infections with the zoonotic pathogen <i>Yersinia</i> (<i>Y</i>.) <i>pseudotuberculosis</i> are commonly causing clinical diseases and acute deaths in various mammal and bird species in zoos. These findings prompted us to conduct a targeted study that included ani...

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Main Authors: Lara Luisa Riede, Tobias Knauf-Witzens, Uta Westerhüs, Rebecca Bonke, Karen Schlez, Kathrin Büttner, Jörg Rau, Dominik Fischer, Lisa Grund, Marco Roller, Andreas Frei, Stefan Hertwig, Jens Andre Hammerl, Claudia Jäckel, Christine Osmann, Martin Peters, Reinhard Sting, Tobias Eisenberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/516
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Summary:Infections with the zoonotic pathogen <i>Yersinia</i> (<i>Y</i>.) <i>pseudotuberculosis</i> are commonly causing clinical diseases and acute deaths in various mammal and bird species in zoos. These findings prompted us to conduct a targeted study that included animals of 18 German and 1 Swiss zoo that had been affected by the pathogen previously. This study provides a comprehensive overview of susceptible zoo animal species, clinical signs, therapies, antimicrobial resistance, pathogen monitoring, and prophylactic measures. In addition, fecal samples from species with documented infections and organ samples from deceased mammals and birds from two of the participating zoos, the urban zoo Wilhelma and the rural Opel Zoo, were examined for <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> using both direct plating and enrichment. The overall prevalence of <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> was 3.1% at the Opel Zoo and 1.3% at the Wilhelma. Fecal samples yielded positive results in 1.4% of the tested samples from the Opel Zoo but none from the Wilhelma. Among carcasses, 16.7% and 1.7% tested positive at the Opel Zoo and the Wilhelma, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.006). <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> was significantly more frequently isolated during the cold season (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Affected animals often died suddenly, displaying no or only non-specific clinical signs, but postmortem examinations revealed septicemia with multiple bacterial organ abscesses. Rodents, ruminants, primates, and Piciformes were the most commonly affected orders. Considering the zoonotic potential of <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i>, this research underscores the importance of investigations in zoos in accordance with the targets of the One Health approach.
ISSN:2076-2607