Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning

Abstract Learning a new language is a process everyone undergoes at least once. However, studying the neural mechanisms behind first-time language learning is a challenging task. Here we aim to explore the functional alterations following learning Israeli Sign Language, a visuo-spatial rather than a...

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Main Authors: Yael Coldham, Neta Haluts, Eden Elbaz, Tamar Ben-David, Nell Racabi, Shachar Gal, Michal Bernstein-Eliav, Naama Friedmann, Ido Tavor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07793-7
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author Yael Coldham
Neta Haluts
Eden Elbaz
Tamar Ben-David
Nell Racabi
Shachar Gal
Michal Bernstein-Eliav
Naama Friedmann
Ido Tavor
author_facet Yael Coldham
Neta Haluts
Eden Elbaz
Tamar Ben-David
Nell Racabi
Shachar Gal
Michal Bernstein-Eliav
Naama Friedmann
Ido Tavor
author_sort Yael Coldham
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Learning a new language is a process everyone undergoes at least once. However, studying the neural mechanisms behind first-time language learning is a challenging task. Here we aim to explore the functional alterations following learning Israeli Sign Language, a visuo-spatial rather than an auditory-based language. Specifically, we investigate how phonological, lexical, and sentence-level components of the language system differ in their neural representations. In this within-participant design, hearing individuals naïve to sign languages (n = 79) performed an fMRI task requiring the processing of different linguistic components, before and after attending an Israeli Sign Language course. A learning-induced increase in activation was detected in various brain regions in task contrasts related to all sign language linguistic components. Activation patterns while processing different linguistic components post-learning were spatially distinct, suggesting a unique neural representation for each component. Moreover, post-learning activation maps successfully predicted learning retention six months later, associating neural and performance measures.
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issn 2399-3642
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-0e70faff1c934de0933d5d96f7f018002025-08-20T02:47:07ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-03-018111710.1038/s42003-025-07793-7Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learningYael Coldham0Neta Haluts1Eden Elbaz2Tamar Ben-David3Nell Racabi4Shachar Gal5Michal Bernstein-Eliav6Naama Friedmann7Ido Tavor8Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversitySagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversitySagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversityFaculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversitySagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Bar-Ilan UniversityFaculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversitySagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversityFaculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityAbstract Learning a new language is a process everyone undergoes at least once. However, studying the neural mechanisms behind first-time language learning is a challenging task. Here we aim to explore the functional alterations following learning Israeli Sign Language, a visuo-spatial rather than an auditory-based language. Specifically, we investigate how phonological, lexical, and sentence-level components of the language system differ in their neural representations. In this within-participant design, hearing individuals naïve to sign languages (n = 79) performed an fMRI task requiring the processing of different linguistic components, before and after attending an Israeli Sign Language course. A learning-induced increase in activation was detected in various brain regions in task contrasts related to all sign language linguistic components. Activation patterns while processing different linguistic components post-learning were spatially distinct, suggesting a unique neural representation for each component. Moreover, post-learning activation maps successfully predicted learning retention six months later, associating neural and performance measures.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07793-7
spellingShingle Yael Coldham
Neta Haluts
Eden Elbaz
Tamar Ben-David
Nell Racabi
Shachar Gal
Michal Bernstein-Eliav
Naama Friedmann
Ido Tavor
Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
Communications Biology
title Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
title_full Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
title_fullStr Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
title_full_unstemmed Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
title_short Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
title_sort distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07793-7
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