Distinct neural representations of different linguistic components following sign language learning

Abstract Learning a new language is a process everyone undergoes at least once. However, studying the neural mechanisms behind first-time language learning is a challenging task. Here we aim to explore the functional alterations following learning Israeli Sign Language, a visuo-spatial rather than a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yael Coldham, Neta Haluts, Eden Elbaz, Tamar Ben-David, Nell Racabi, Shachar Gal, Michal Bernstein-Eliav, Naama Friedmann, Ido Tavor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07793-7
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Summary:Abstract Learning a new language is a process everyone undergoes at least once. However, studying the neural mechanisms behind first-time language learning is a challenging task. Here we aim to explore the functional alterations following learning Israeli Sign Language, a visuo-spatial rather than an auditory-based language. Specifically, we investigate how phonological, lexical, and sentence-level components of the language system differ in their neural representations. In this within-participant design, hearing individuals naïve to sign languages (n = 79) performed an fMRI task requiring the processing of different linguistic components, before and after attending an Israeli Sign Language course. A learning-induced increase in activation was detected in various brain regions in task contrasts related to all sign language linguistic components. Activation patterns while processing different linguistic components post-learning were spatially distinct, suggesting a unique neural representation for each component. Moreover, post-learning activation maps successfully predicted learning retention six months later, associating neural and performance measures.
ISSN:2399-3642