Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice

Health damage caused by environmental arsenic pollution has attracted widespread attention, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) thought to be one of the adverse effects of long-term arsenic exposure. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between arsenic exposure and AD-like neurodegener...

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Main Authors: Bo Zhang, Jiaojiao Wang, Junhong Chen, Xueli Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325005871
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author Bo Zhang
Jiaojiao Wang
Junhong Chen
Xueli Pan
author_facet Bo Zhang
Jiaojiao Wang
Junhong Chen
Xueli Pan
author_sort Bo Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Health damage caused by environmental arsenic pollution has attracted widespread attention, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) thought to be one of the adverse effects of long-term arsenic exposure. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between arsenic exposure and AD-like neurodegeneration and to determine the role of microglia in the process of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by arsenic exposure. The relationship between arsenic exposure and AD-like neurodegeneration was investigated using cognitive assessments and biological experiments. Arsenic exposure induced memory impairment in C57BL/6 mice and resulted in a significant increase in the number of Aβ+ and pTau+ cells in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus with neuronal granular vacuolar degeneration and necroptosis, accompanied by upregulated expression of related proteins, which showed dose- and time-response relationships. Arsenic exposure intensified memory decline in FAD4T mice with accelerated AD-like neurodegeneration. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between memory impairment and neurodegeneration in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in mice. Arsenic exposure also activated microglia in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, with enlargement of the cytosol, shortened and thickened cell protrusions, hypertrophic changes, and abnormal proliferation, as well as upregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Arsenic exposure induced overactivation of microglia in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of FAD4T mice, resulting in de-branching or bulbous protrusions and fragmented cytoplasm. Our findings suggest that arsenic exposure promotes the occurrence and development of AD-like neurodegeneration via the activation of microglia, which induces neuroinflammation in mice.
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spelling doaj-art-0e56584d6a154e4f8d162794c070cb312025-08-20T03:53:12ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-06-0129711825110.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118251Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in miceBo Zhang0Jiaojiao Wang1Junhong Chen2Xueli Pan3Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.Health damage caused by environmental arsenic pollution has attracted widespread attention, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) thought to be one of the adverse effects of long-term arsenic exposure. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between arsenic exposure and AD-like neurodegeneration and to determine the role of microglia in the process of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by arsenic exposure. The relationship between arsenic exposure and AD-like neurodegeneration was investigated using cognitive assessments and biological experiments. Arsenic exposure induced memory impairment in C57BL/6 mice and resulted in a significant increase in the number of Aβ+ and pTau+ cells in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus with neuronal granular vacuolar degeneration and necroptosis, accompanied by upregulated expression of related proteins, which showed dose- and time-response relationships. Arsenic exposure intensified memory decline in FAD4T mice with accelerated AD-like neurodegeneration. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between memory impairment and neurodegeneration in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in mice. Arsenic exposure also activated microglia in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, with enlargement of the cytosol, shortened and thickened cell protrusions, hypertrophic changes, and abnormal proliferation, as well as upregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Arsenic exposure induced overactivation of microglia in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of FAD4T mice, resulting in de-branching or bulbous protrusions and fragmented cytoplasm. Our findings suggest that arsenic exposure promotes the occurrence and development of AD-like neurodegeneration via the activation of microglia, which induces neuroinflammation in mice.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325005871ArsenicChronic exposureAlzheimer's disease-like neurodegenerationMicrogliaNeuroinflammationPathogenesis
spellingShingle Bo Zhang
Jiaojiao Wang
Junhong Chen
Xueli Pan
Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Arsenic
Chronic exposure
Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration
Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Pathogenesis
title Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice
title_full Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice
title_fullStr Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice
title_full_unstemmed Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice
title_short Arsenic exposure activates microglia, inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in mice
title_sort arsenic exposure activates microglia inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of alzheimer s disease like neurodegeneration in mice
topic Arsenic
Chronic exposure
Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration
Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Pathogenesis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325005871
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