Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model

Although dust constitutes only about 1% of the mass in a protoplanetary disk, recent studies reveal its substantial impact on the torques experienced by low- and intermediate-mass planetary cores. In this study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the dust torque’s influence on the evolut...

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Main Authors: Octavio M. Guilera, Pablo Benitez-Llambay, Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami, Martin E. Pessah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add92a
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author Octavio M. Guilera
Pablo Benitez-Llambay
Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami
Martin E. Pessah
author_facet Octavio M. Guilera
Pablo Benitez-Llambay
Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami
Martin E. Pessah
author_sort Octavio M. Guilera
collection DOAJ
description Although dust constitutes only about 1% of the mass in a protoplanetary disk, recent studies reveal its substantial impact on the torques experienced by low- and intermediate-mass planetary cores. In this study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the dust torque’s influence on the evolution of growing planetary embryos as they migrate through a protoplanetary disk and undergo gas and pebble accretion. Our global model incorporates viscous accretion and X-ray photoevaporation effects on the gaseous disk while also accounting for the dynamic processes of dust growth and evolution, including coagulation, drift, and fragmentation. Our findings demonstrate that dust torque significantly affects planetary migration patterns, particularly facilitating prominent outward migration for planets forming within the water-ice line. This outward thrust arises from an enhanced dust-to-gas mass ratio in the inner disk, driven by the inward drift of pebbles from the outer regions. Conversely, for planets that originate beyond the water-ice line, while the dust torque attenuates inward migration, it does not substantially alter their overall migration trajectories. This is attributed to the rapid reduction in dust-to-gas mass ratio, resulting from swift pebble drift and the short formation timescales prevalent in that region. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of dust torque in shaping the migration of low- and intermediate-mass planets, particularly in conditions where increased dust concentrations amplify its effects. These insights have significant implications for understanding the formation timescales, mass distributions, and compositional characteristics of emerging planetary systems.
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spelling doaj-art-0e3f00fccb4947e782284e838b8fc6e22025-08-20T03:30:39ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01986219910.3847/1538-4357/add92aQuantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation ModelOctavio M. Guilera0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-9532Pablo Benitez-Llambay1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-3329Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-1957Martin E. Pessah3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-3563Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (IALP) , CCT La Plata-CONICET-UNLP, Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, Argentina ; oguilera@fcaglp.unlp.edu.arFacultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, ChileInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (IALP) , CCT La Plata-CONICET-UNLP, Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, Argentina ; oguilera@fcaglp.unlp.edu.arNiels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute , Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen ø, DenmarkAlthough dust constitutes only about 1% of the mass in a protoplanetary disk, recent studies reveal its substantial impact on the torques experienced by low- and intermediate-mass planetary cores. In this study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the dust torque’s influence on the evolution of growing planetary embryos as they migrate through a protoplanetary disk and undergo gas and pebble accretion. Our global model incorporates viscous accretion and X-ray photoevaporation effects on the gaseous disk while also accounting for the dynamic processes of dust growth and evolution, including coagulation, drift, and fragmentation. Our findings demonstrate that dust torque significantly affects planetary migration patterns, particularly facilitating prominent outward migration for planets forming within the water-ice line. This outward thrust arises from an enhanced dust-to-gas mass ratio in the inner disk, driven by the inward drift of pebbles from the outer regions. Conversely, for planets that originate beyond the water-ice line, while the dust torque attenuates inward migration, it does not substantially alter their overall migration trajectories. This is attributed to the rapid reduction in dust-to-gas mass ratio, resulting from swift pebble drift and the short formation timescales prevalent in that region. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of dust torque in shaping the migration of low- and intermediate-mass planets, particularly in conditions where increased dust concentrations amplify its effects. These insights have significant implications for understanding the formation timescales, mass distributions, and compositional characteristics of emerging planetary systems.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add92aProtoplanetary disksPlanetary-disk interactionsPlanet formationPlanetary migrationExoplanet migration
spellingShingle Octavio M. Guilera
Pablo Benitez-Llambay
Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami
Martin E. Pessah
Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model
The Astrophysical Journal
Protoplanetary disks
Planetary-disk interactions
Planet formation
Planetary migration
Exoplanet migration
title Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model
title_full Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model
title_fullStr Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model
title_short Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets. II. The Role of Pebble Accretion in Planet Growth within a Global Planet Formation Model
title_sort quantifying the impact of the dust torque on the migration of low mass planets ii the role of pebble accretion in planet growth within a global planet formation model
topic Protoplanetary disks
Planetary-disk interactions
Planet formation
Planetary migration
Exoplanet migration
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add92a
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