Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity

Malicious Software, commonly known as Malware, represents a persistent threat to cybersecurity, targeting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems. The digital era, marked by the proliferation of connected devices, cloud services, and the advancement of machine learnin...

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Main Authors: Sebastian Berrios, Dante Leiva, Bastian Olivares, Héctor Allende-Cid, Pamela Hermosilla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7747
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author Sebastian Berrios
Dante Leiva
Bastian Olivares
Héctor Allende-Cid
Pamela Hermosilla
author_facet Sebastian Berrios
Dante Leiva
Bastian Olivares
Héctor Allende-Cid
Pamela Hermosilla
author_sort Sebastian Berrios
collection DOAJ
description Malicious Software, commonly known as Malware, represents a persistent threat to cybersecurity, targeting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems. The digital era, marked by the proliferation of connected devices, cloud services, and the advancement of machine learning, has brought numerous benefits; however, it has also exacerbated exposure to cyber threats, affecting both individuals and corporations. This systematic review, which follows the PRISMA 2020 framework, aims to analyze current trends and new methods for malware detection and classification. The review was conducted using data from Web of Science and Scopus, covering publications from 2020 and 2024, with over 47 key studies selected for in-depth analysis based on relevance, empirical results and citation metrics. These studies cover a variety of detection techniques, including machine learning, deep learning and hybrid models, with a focus on feature extraction, malware behavior analysis and the application of advanced algorithms to improve detection accuracy. The results highlight important advances, such as the improved performance of ensemble learning and deep learning models in detecting sophisticated threats. Finally, this study identifies the main challenges and outlines opportunities of future research to improve malware detection and classification frameworks.
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spelling doaj-art-0e3cbf88a386485980d12637348abefc2025-08-20T02:45:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011514774710.3390/app15147747Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in CybersecuritySebastian Berrios0Dante Leiva1Bastian Olivares2Héctor Allende-Cid3Pamela Hermosilla4Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileEscuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileEscuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileEscuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileEscuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileMalicious Software, commonly known as Malware, represents a persistent threat to cybersecurity, targeting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems. The digital era, marked by the proliferation of connected devices, cloud services, and the advancement of machine learning, has brought numerous benefits; however, it has also exacerbated exposure to cyber threats, affecting both individuals and corporations. This systematic review, which follows the PRISMA 2020 framework, aims to analyze current trends and new methods for malware detection and classification. The review was conducted using data from Web of Science and Scopus, covering publications from 2020 and 2024, with over 47 key studies selected for in-depth analysis based on relevance, empirical results and citation metrics. These studies cover a variety of detection techniques, including machine learning, deep learning and hybrid models, with a focus on feature extraction, malware behavior analysis and the application of advanced algorithms to improve detection accuracy. The results highlight important advances, such as the improved performance of ensemble learning and deep learning models in detecting sophisticated threats. Finally, this study identifies the main challenges and outlines opportunities of future research to improve malware detection and classification frameworks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7747malwarecybersecuritymachine learningdetectionclassification
spellingShingle Sebastian Berrios
Dante Leiva
Bastian Olivares
Héctor Allende-Cid
Pamela Hermosilla
Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity
Applied Sciences
malware
cybersecurity
machine learning
detection
classification
title Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity
title_full Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity
title_fullStr Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity
title_full_unstemmed Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity
title_short Systematic Review: Malware Detection and Classification in Cybersecurity
title_sort systematic review malware detection and classification in cybersecurity
topic malware
cybersecurity
machine learning
detection
classification
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7747
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