Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake

Abstract Lipid uptake by white adipose tissue (WAT) is critically important for storage of excess energy and to protect peripheral tissues from ectopic lipid deposition. When WAT becomes dysfunctional (i.e., with obesity), it is characterized by impaired lipid uptake and increased lipolysis which, t...

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Main Authors: Patrick V. McTavish, David M. Mutch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:Lipids in Health and Disease
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-024-02376-7
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author Patrick V. McTavish
David M. Mutch
author_facet Patrick V. McTavish
David M. Mutch
author_sort Patrick V. McTavish
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Lipid uptake by white adipose tissue (WAT) is critically important for storage of excess energy and to protect peripheral tissues from ectopic lipid deposition. When WAT becomes dysfunctional (i.e., with obesity), it is characterized by impaired lipid uptake and increased lipolysis which, together, promote whole-body dyslipidemia. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFA) are widely studied for their triacylglycerol (TAG)-lowering properties and cardiometabolic health benefits. One potential mechanism underlying these benefits is the modification of WAT lipid uptake; however, there are gaps in our understanding regarding the specific mechanisms by which N-3 PUFA function. Evidence to date suggests that N-3 PUFA promote TAG clearance by increasing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and the abundance of fatty acid transporters. Specifically, N-3 PUFA have been shown to increase LPL activity through increased gene transcription and modifications of endogenously produced LPL regulators such as apolipoprotein C-II/III and angiopoietin-like proteins. This review presents and discusses the available in vitro and in vivo research to provide a comprehensive overview of N-3 PUFA regulation of WAT lipid uptake in healthy and obese contexts. Additionally, we highlight areas where more research is necessary to better understand the contribution of increased WAT lipid uptake in relation to the TAG-lowering properties associated with N-3 PUFA.
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spelling doaj-art-0e3a0dfd050246cabc6018c7f44fe1cf2025-08-20T02:33:06ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2024-11-0123111210.1186/s12944-024-02376-7Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptakePatrick V. McTavish0David M. Mutch1Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of GuelphDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of GuelphAbstract Lipid uptake by white adipose tissue (WAT) is critically important for storage of excess energy and to protect peripheral tissues from ectopic lipid deposition. When WAT becomes dysfunctional (i.e., with obesity), it is characterized by impaired lipid uptake and increased lipolysis which, together, promote whole-body dyslipidemia. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFA) are widely studied for their triacylglycerol (TAG)-lowering properties and cardiometabolic health benefits. One potential mechanism underlying these benefits is the modification of WAT lipid uptake; however, there are gaps in our understanding regarding the specific mechanisms by which N-3 PUFA function. Evidence to date suggests that N-3 PUFA promote TAG clearance by increasing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and the abundance of fatty acid transporters. Specifically, N-3 PUFA have been shown to increase LPL activity through increased gene transcription and modifications of endogenously produced LPL regulators such as apolipoprotein C-II/III and angiopoietin-like proteins. This review presents and discusses the available in vitro and in vivo research to provide a comprehensive overview of N-3 PUFA regulation of WAT lipid uptake in healthy and obese contexts. Additionally, we highlight areas where more research is necessary to better understand the contribution of increased WAT lipid uptake in relation to the TAG-lowering properties associated with N-3 PUFA.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-024-02376-7Triacylglycerol clearanceObesityOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidEPADHA
spellingShingle Patrick V. McTavish
David M. Mutch
Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
Lipids in Health and Disease
Triacylglycerol clearance
Obesity
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
EPA
DHA
title Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
title_full Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
title_fullStr Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
title_full_unstemmed Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
title_short Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
title_sort omega 3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and fat cd36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake
topic Triacylglycerol clearance
Obesity
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
EPA
DHA
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-024-02376-7
work_keys_str_mv AT patrickvmctavish omega3fattyacidregulationoflipoproteinlipaseandfatcd36anditsimpactonwhiteadiposetissuelipiduptake
AT davidmmutch omega3fattyacidregulationoflipoproteinlipaseandfatcd36anditsimpactonwhiteadiposetissuelipiduptake