Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining
Abstract Accessory nerve (CNXI) has been known to be the primary conduit for motor control of the trapezius, while the supplementary cervical nerves (C3 and C4) are responsible for processing sensory information from muscle. However, the lack of substantial direct evidence has led to these conclusio...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76645-x |
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| author | Miri Kim In-Seung Yeo Tae-Hyeon Cho Ju-Eun Hong Shin Hyung Kim Hun-Mu Yang |
| author_facet | Miri Kim In-Seung Yeo Tae-Hyeon Cho Ju-Eun Hong Shin Hyung Kim Hun-Mu Yang |
| author_sort | Miri Kim |
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| description | Abstract Accessory nerve (CNXI) has been known to be the primary conduit for motor control of the trapezius, while the supplementary cervical nerves (C3 and C4) are responsible for processing sensory information from muscle. However, the lack of substantial direct evidence has led to these conclusions being regarded as mere speculation. This study used immunostaining (using antibodies against neurofilament 200 for all axons, choline acetyltransferase for cholinergic axons, tyrosine hydroxylase for sympathetic axons, and alpha 3 sodium potassium ATPase for proprioceptive afferent axons) of human samples to verify the functional contributions of nerves. Study highlights the pivotal role of C3 and C4 in regulating precise movements of trapezius, contributing to motor control, proprioceptive feedback, and sympathetic modulation. CNXI is composed primarily of somatic efferent fibers, with significant numbers of sympathetic or sensory fibers. Furthermore, C3-4 have both cholinergic and non-cholinergic axons, suggesting their involvement in proprioceptive feedback and somatic efferent functions. Although less common, mechanosensors such as nociceptive sensor and sympathetic fibers are also supplied by these cervical nerves. The study demonstrated that these nerves contain motor fibers and significant proprioceptive and sympathetic axons, challenging the long-held notion that CNXI are motor and upper spinal nerves are sensory. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0e20b220dec34cc2933a516aa5bf3dda2025-08-20T02:49:09ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-0114111110.1038/s41598-024-76645-xPeripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostainingMiri Kim0In-Seung Yeo1Tae-Hyeon Cho2Ju-Eun Hong3Shin Hyung Kim4Hun-Mu Yang5Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of MedicineTranslational Research Unit for Anatomy and AnalgesiaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE CampusTranslational Research Unit for Anatomy and AnalgesiaDepartment of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of MedicineAbstract Accessory nerve (CNXI) has been known to be the primary conduit for motor control of the trapezius, while the supplementary cervical nerves (C3 and C4) are responsible for processing sensory information from muscle. However, the lack of substantial direct evidence has led to these conclusions being regarded as mere speculation. This study used immunostaining (using antibodies against neurofilament 200 for all axons, choline acetyltransferase for cholinergic axons, tyrosine hydroxylase for sympathetic axons, and alpha 3 sodium potassium ATPase for proprioceptive afferent axons) of human samples to verify the functional contributions of nerves. Study highlights the pivotal role of C3 and C4 in regulating precise movements of trapezius, contributing to motor control, proprioceptive feedback, and sympathetic modulation. CNXI is composed primarily of somatic efferent fibers, with significant numbers of sympathetic or sensory fibers. Furthermore, C3-4 have both cholinergic and non-cholinergic axons, suggesting their involvement in proprioceptive feedback and somatic efferent functions. Although less common, mechanosensors such as nociceptive sensor and sympathetic fibers are also supplied by these cervical nerves. The study demonstrated that these nerves contain motor fibers and significant proprioceptive and sympathetic axons, challenging the long-held notion that CNXI are motor and upper spinal nerves are sensory.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76645-xTrapeziusAccessory nerveCervical spinal nervesAxonProprioceptiveImmunofluorescence |
| spellingShingle | Miri Kim In-Seung Yeo Tae-Hyeon Cho Ju-Eun Hong Shin Hyung Kim Hun-Mu Yang Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining Scientific Reports Trapezius Accessory nerve Cervical spinal nerves Axon Proprioceptive Immunofluorescence |
| title | Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining |
| title_full | Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining |
| title_fullStr | Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining |
| title_short | Peripheral cranio-spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining |
| title_sort | peripheral cranio spinal nerve communication for trapezius muscle control using axonal profiling through immunostaining |
| topic | Trapezius Accessory nerve Cervical spinal nerves Axon Proprioceptive Immunofluorescence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76645-x |
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