The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.

<h4>Background</h4>The role of nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in the surgical management of breast cancer patients is unclear. We aimed: (i) to evaluate the effect of malignant NDc on the surgical approach to the nipple-areola complex, and (ii) to verify the association between malignan...

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Main Authors: Isabella Castellano, Jasna Metovic, Davide Balmativola, Laura Annaratone, Nelson Rangel, Elena Vissio, Riccardo Arisio, Luigia Macrì, Carla Pecchioni, Ivana Sarotto, Francesca Montarolo, Francesca Muscarà, Caterina Marchiò, Paola Cassoni, Janina Kulka, Anna Sapino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182073&type=printable
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author Isabella Castellano
Jasna Metovic
Davide Balmativola
Laura Annaratone
Nelson Rangel
Elena Vissio
Riccardo Arisio
Luigia Macrì
Carla Pecchioni
Ivana Sarotto
Francesca Montarolo
Francesca Muscarà
Caterina Marchiò
Paola Cassoni
Janina Kulka
Anna Sapino
author_facet Isabella Castellano
Jasna Metovic
Davide Balmativola
Laura Annaratone
Nelson Rangel
Elena Vissio
Riccardo Arisio
Luigia Macrì
Carla Pecchioni
Ivana Sarotto
Francesca Montarolo
Francesca Muscarà
Caterina Marchiò
Paola Cassoni
Janina Kulka
Anna Sapino
author_sort Isabella Castellano
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>The role of nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in the surgical management of breast cancer patients is unclear. We aimed: (i) to evaluate the effect of malignant NDc on the surgical approach to the nipple-areola complex, and (ii) to verify the association between malignant NDc and nipple malignancy.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively analyzed a case series of 139 patients with NDc who underwent breast surgery. The clinical and histological findings, types of surgery with emphasis on nipple-areola complex amputation, immunohistochemical phenotypes of the carcinomas and measurements of the tumor-nipple distance were recorded. Additionally, in patients who showed HER2-positive lesions on definitive surgery, we evaluated the HER2 immunocytochemistry of the NDc smears.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty-two malignant and 107 benign/borderline NDc diagnoses were identified. All 32 malignant-NDc cases were histologically confirmed as malignant. Thirty borderline/benign-NDc cases were histologically diagnosed as malignant (sensitivity 58%). The majority of the patients with malignant NDc were treated with nipple-areola complex amputations in both the mastectomy and conservative surgery groups (P<0.001, χ251.77). Nipple involvement was strongly associated with HER2-positive ductal carcinoma in-situ (P<0.001, χ211.98). HER2 immunocytochemistry on the NDc revealed a 100% correlation with the immunocytochemistry performed on the surgical tissues.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Malignant NDc influenced surgical management. The association of malignant NDc with nipple involvement is highly related to ductal carcinoma in-situ with HER2 overexpression. In case of HER2 positive NDc, nipple-areola complex involvement is more likely than in HER2 negative cases.
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spelling doaj-art-0df9777d39d14d3b816dc2e000fb632e2025-08-20T02:04:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01128e018207310.1371/journal.pone.0182073The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.Isabella CastellanoJasna MetovicDavide BalmativolaLaura AnnaratoneNelson RangelElena VissioRiccardo ArisioLuigia MacrìCarla PecchioniIvana SarottoFrancesca MontaroloFrancesca MuscaràCaterina MarchiòPaola CassoniJanina KulkaAnna Sapino<h4>Background</h4>The role of nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in the surgical management of breast cancer patients is unclear. We aimed: (i) to evaluate the effect of malignant NDc on the surgical approach to the nipple-areola complex, and (ii) to verify the association between malignant NDc and nipple malignancy.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively analyzed a case series of 139 patients with NDc who underwent breast surgery. The clinical and histological findings, types of surgery with emphasis on nipple-areola complex amputation, immunohistochemical phenotypes of the carcinomas and measurements of the tumor-nipple distance were recorded. Additionally, in patients who showed HER2-positive lesions on definitive surgery, we evaluated the HER2 immunocytochemistry of the NDc smears.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty-two malignant and 107 benign/borderline NDc diagnoses were identified. All 32 malignant-NDc cases were histologically confirmed as malignant. Thirty borderline/benign-NDc cases were histologically diagnosed as malignant (sensitivity 58%). The majority of the patients with malignant NDc were treated with nipple-areola complex amputations in both the mastectomy and conservative surgery groups (P<0.001, χ251.77). Nipple involvement was strongly associated with HER2-positive ductal carcinoma in-situ (P<0.001, χ211.98). HER2 immunocytochemistry on the NDc revealed a 100% correlation with the immunocytochemistry performed on the surgical tissues.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Malignant NDc influenced surgical management. The association of malignant NDc with nipple involvement is highly related to ductal carcinoma in-situ with HER2 overexpression. In case of HER2 positive NDc, nipple-areola complex involvement is more likely than in HER2 negative cases.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182073&type=printable
spellingShingle Isabella Castellano
Jasna Metovic
Davide Balmativola
Laura Annaratone
Nelson Rangel
Elena Vissio
Riccardo Arisio
Luigia Macrì
Carla Pecchioni
Ivana Sarotto
Francesca Montarolo
Francesca Muscarà
Caterina Marchiò
Paola Cassoni
Janina Kulka
Anna Sapino
The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.
PLoS ONE
title The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.
title_full The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.
title_fullStr The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.
title_full_unstemmed The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.
title_short The impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology (NDc) in surgical management of breast cancer patients.
title_sort impact of malignant nipple discharge cytology ndc in surgical management of breast cancer patients
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182073&type=printable
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