Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future
Abstract Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information tasks. From a fundamental perspective entanglement is at the forefront of major philosophical discussions advancing our understanding of nature. An experimental scheme was proposed in 1989 by Franson that exploited the unpredictabil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | npj Quantum Information |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01072-3 |
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| author | Guilherme B. Xavier Jan-Åke Larsson Paolo Villoresi Giuseppe Vallone Adán Cabello |
| author_facet | Guilherme B. Xavier Jan-Åke Larsson Paolo Villoresi Giuseppe Vallone Adán Cabello |
| author_sort | Guilherme B. Xavier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information tasks. From a fundamental perspective entanglement is at the forefront of major philosophical discussions advancing our understanding of nature. An experimental scheme was proposed in 1989 by Franson that exploited the unpredictability in the generation time of a photon pair in order to produce a then new form of quantum entanglement, known as energy-time entanglement. A later modification gave rise to the very popular time-bin entanglement, an important cornerstone in many real-world quantum communication applications. Both forms of entanglement have radically pushed forward our understanding of quantum mechanics throughout the 1990s and 2000s. A decade later modifications to the original proposals were proposed and demonstrated, which opens the path for the highly sought-after device-independence capability for entanglement certification, with a goal of ultra-secure quantum communication. In this review we cover the beginnings of energy-time and time-bin entanglement, many key experiments that expanded our understanding of what was achievable in quantum information experiments all the way down to modern demonstrations based on new technological advances. We will then point out to the future discussing the important place that energy-time and time-bin entanglement will have in upcoming quantum networks and novel protocols based on nonlocality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0df420db131441dc9abfb71d8804edaa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2056-6387 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Quantum Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-0df420db131441dc9abfb71d8804edaa2025-08-20T03:43:14ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872025-07-0111112310.1038/s41534-025-01072-3Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and futureGuilherme B. Xavier0Jan-Åke Larsson1Paolo Villoresi2Giuseppe Vallone3Adán Cabello4Institutionen för Systemteknik, Linköpings UniversitetInstitutionen för Systemteknik, Linköpings UniversitetIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)–Sezione di PadovaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)–Sezione di PadovaDepartamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de SevillaAbstract Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information tasks. From a fundamental perspective entanglement is at the forefront of major philosophical discussions advancing our understanding of nature. An experimental scheme was proposed in 1989 by Franson that exploited the unpredictability in the generation time of a photon pair in order to produce a then new form of quantum entanglement, known as energy-time entanglement. A later modification gave rise to the very popular time-bin entanglement, an important cornerstone in many real-world quantum communication applications. Both forms of entanglement have radically pushed forward our understanding of quantum mechanics throughout the 1990s and 2000s. A decade later modifications to the original proposals were proposed and demonstrated, which opens the path for the highly sought-after device-independence capability for entanglement certification, with a goal of ultra-secure quantum communication. In this review we cover the beginnings of energy-time and time-bin entanglement, many key experiments that expanded our understanding of what was achievable in quantum information experiments all the way down to modern demonstrations based on new technological advances. We will then point out to the future discussing the important place that energy-time and time-bin entanglement will have in upcoming quantum networks and novel protocols based on nonlocality.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01072-3 |
| spellingShingle | Guilherme B. Xavier Jan-Åke Larsson Paolo Villoresi Giuseppe Vallone Adán Cabello Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future npj Quantum Information |
| title | Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future |
| title_full | Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future |
| title_fullStr | Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future |
| title_short | Energy-time and time-bin entanglement: past, present and future |
| title_sort | energy time and time bin entanglement past present and future |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01072-3 |
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