Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study

Background: Plasma D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, reflects coagulation activation and is often elevated in critically ill patients. Its prognostic significance in sepsis, particularly for short-term outcomes, remains unclear. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 175 adult I...

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Main Authors: Xiaoxiao Qu, Shishi Wang, Xuanmei Ye, Guosong Jiang, Mihereguli Kuerban, Qipeng Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Practical Laboratory Medicine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352551725000514
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author Xiaoxiao Qu
Shishi Wang
Xuanmei Ye
Guosong Jiang
Mihereguli Kuerban
Qipeng Xie
author_facet Xiaoxiao Qu
Shishi Wang
Xuanmei Ye
Guosong Jiang
Mihereguli Kuerban
Qipeng Xie
author_sort Xiaoxiao Qu
collection DOAJ
description Background: Plasma D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, reflects coagulation activation and is often elevated in critically ill patients. Its prognostic significance in sepsis, particularly for short-term outcomes, remains unclear. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 175 adult ICU patients with sepsis (Sepsis-3 criteria) from March 2024 to February 2025. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured at ICU admission and daily for five days. D-dimer levels were categorized into quartiles. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcome was in-hospital septic shock. Associations were analyzed using Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results: Elevated admission D-dimer levels were significantly associated with increased risks of 30-day mortality and septic shock. Each 1 μg/mL increase in D-dimer was linked to a 6 % higher mortality risk (HR = 1.06; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.11; P = 0.008) and an 8 % higher septic shock risk (HR = 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.12; P < 0.001), after adjusting for confounders. Patients in the highest quartile had the worst outcomes. A significant interaction with serum amyloid A (SAA) was observed for mortality (P = 0.043), but not for septic shock. Conclusion: Baseline plasma D-dimer levels independently predict 30-day mortality and septic shock in sepsis. D-dimer may serve as a valuable early biomarker for risk stratification in sepsis management.
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spelling doaj-art-0dea0e4b710d4f67bb7b8450ee036f442025-08-26T04:14:24ZengElsevierPractical Laboratory Medicine2352-55172025-09-0146e0049810.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00498Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort studyXiaoxiao Qu0Shishi Wang1Xuanmei Ye2Guosong Jiang3Mihereguli Kuerban4Qipeng Xie5Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital &amp; Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital &amp; Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital &amp; Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 1st People's Hospital of Zhaotong City&The Zhaotong Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Zhaotong, 657000, Yunnan, ChinaSchool of Medical Technology, XinJiang HeTian College, Hetian, Xinjiang, 848000, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital &amp; Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Corresponding author.Background: Plasma D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, reflects coagulation activation and is often elevated in critically ill patients. Its prognostic significance in sepsis, particularly for short-term outcomes, remains unclear. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 175 adult ICU patients with sepsis (Sepsis-3 criteria) from March 2024 to February 2025. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured at ICU admission and daily for five days. D-dimer levels were categorized into quartiles. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcome was in-hospital septic shock. Associations were analyzed using Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results: Elevated admission D-dimer levels were significantly associated with increased risks of 30-day mortality and septic shock. Each 1 μg/mL increase in D-dimer was linked to a 6 % higher mortality risk (HR = 1.06; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.11; P = 0.008) and an 8 % higher septic shock risk (HR = 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.12; P < 0.001), after adjusting for confounders. Patients in the highest quartile had the worst outcomes. A significant interaction with serum amyloid A (SAA) was observed for mortality (P = 0.043), but not for septic shock. Conclusion: Baseline plasma D-dimer levels independently predict 30-day mortality and septic shock in sepsis. D-dimer may serve as a valuable early biomarker for risk stratification in sepsis management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352551725000514SepsisD-dimerAll-cause mortalitySeptic shockPrognostic biomarkerIntensive care unit
spellingShingle Xiaoxiao Qu
Shishi Wang
Xuanmei Ye
Guosong Jiang
Mihereguli Kuerban
Qipeng Xie
Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study
Practical Laboratory Medicine
Sepsis
D-dimer
All-cause mortality
Septic shock
Prognostic biomarker
Intensive care unit
title Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study
title_full Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study
title_short Prognostic value of baseline plasma D-dimer levels in sepsis: a prospective cohort study
title_sort prognostic value of baseline plasma d dimer levels in sepsis a prospective cohort study
topic Sepsis
D-dimer
All-cause mortality
Septic shock
Prognostic biomarker
Intensive care unit
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352551725000514
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AT xuanmeiye prognosticvalueofbaselineplasmaddimerlevelsinsepsisaprospectivecohortstudy
AT guosongjiang prognosticvalueofbaselineplasmaddimerlevelsinsepsisaprospectivecohortstudy
AT miheregulikuerban prognosticvalueofbaselineplasmaddimerlevelsinsepsisaprospectivecohortstudy
AT qipengxie prognosticvalueofbaselineplasmaddimerlevelsinsepsisaprospectivecohortstudy