Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis

Abstract Objective Distant metastasis complicates gastric cancer management and worsens patient outcomes. Understanding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic impact of site-specific metastases is crucial for improving treatment strategies and survival prediction. Methods Data from 8...

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Main Authors: Xingbiao Huang, Zhe Li, Qiuyan Weng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02865-w
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author Xingbiao Huang
Zhe Li
Qiuyan Weng
author_facet Xingbiao Huang
Zhe Li
Qiuyan Weng
author_sort Xingbiao Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective Distant metastasis complicates gastric cancer management and worsens patient outcomes. Understanding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic impact of site-specific metastases is crucial for improving treatment strategies and survival prediction. Methods Data from 8338 metastatic gastric cancer patients (2010–2015) were retrieved from the SEER database. Patients were categorized by metastatic organ involvement. Chi-square tests analyzed clinicopathological differences. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were identified through Cox regression analysis. Propensity score matching minimized group heterogeneity. Results The liver was the most common metastatic site (43.20%). Patients with bone, brain, or lung metastases had significantly shorter CSS compared to those without these metastases. CSS differences between liver metastasis and non-metastasis were not significant. Propensity score matching confirmed shorter CSS in patients with bone and lung metastases. Single-site metastasis had a better prognosis than multiple-site metastasis, with liver-only metastasis showing the best survival and bone-only metastasis the worst. Multivariate Cox regression identified bone, brain, and lung metastases, age, histology, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, primary tumor resection, and chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The metastatic site significantly influences the prognosis of gastric cancer. Single-site metastasis offers a survival advantage over multiple-site involvement, with liver metastasis showing a better prognosis and bone metastasis the worst. These findings emphasize the importance of site-specific management and the prognostic value of metastatic patterns in gastric cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-0de96dea014d49bf8d0ca90f39f54c8a2025-08-20T02:10:38ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-06-0116111710.1007/s12672-025-02865-wClinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysisXingbiao Huang0Zhe Li1Qiuyan Weng2Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No.6, HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityAbstract Objective Distant metastasis complicates gastric cancer management and worsens patient outcomes. Understanding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic impact of site-specific metastases is crucial for improving treatment strategies and survival prediction. Methods Data from 8338 metastatic gastric cancer patients (2010–2015) were retrieved from the SEER database. Patients were categorized by metastatic organ involvement. Chi-square tests analyzed clinicopathological differences. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were identified through Cox regression analysis. Propensity score matching minimized group heterogeneity. Results The liver was the most common metastatic site (43.20%). Patients with bone, brain, or lung metastases had significantly shorter CSS compared to those without these metastases. CSS differences between liver metastasis and non-metastasis were not significant. Propensity score matching confirmed shorter CSS in patients with bone and lung metastases. Single-site metastasis had a better prognosis than multiple-site metastasis, with liver-only metastasis showing the best survival and bone-only metastasis the worst. Multivariate Cox regression identified bone, brain, and lung metastases, age, histology, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, primary tumor resection, and chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The metastatic site significantly influences the prognosis of gastric cancer. Single-site metastasis offers a survival advantage over multiple-site involvement, with liver metastasis showing a better prognosis and bone metastasis the worst. These findings emphasize the importance of site-specific management and the prognostic value of metastatic patterns in gastric cancer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02865-wGastric cancerMetastasisCancer-specific survivalSEER
spellingShingle Xingbiao Huang
Zhe Li
Qiuyan Weng
Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis
Discover Oncology
Gastric cancer
Metastasis
Cancer-specific survival
SEER
title Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis
title_full Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis
title_fullStr Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis
title_full_unstemmed Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis
title_short Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site-specific metastasis in gastric cancer: a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis
title_sort clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of site specific metastasis in gastric cancer a population based propensity score matched analysis
topic Gastric cancer
Metastasis
Cancer-specific survival
SEER
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02865-w
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AT zheli clinicopathologicalfeaturesandprognosticsignificanceofsitespecificmetastasisingastriccancerapopulationbasedpropensityscorematchedanalysis
AT qiuyanweng clinicopathologicalfeaturesandprognosticsignificanceofsitespecificmetastasisingastriccancerapopulationbasedpropensityscorematchedanalysis