Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides

Abstract Background Small peptides of the CIF family act as signaling molecules and participate in important signaling pathways, playing crucial roles in the processes of plant development and the environmental response. However, the CIF family has not been identified in the allopolyploid Brassica n...

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Main Authors: Miao Cheng, Hanbing Hu, Rui Chen, Ling He, Shanshan Wang, Yuling Zheng, Jiten Yadav, Hosam O. Elansary, Nisha Jaswal, Deepak Bhanot, Changli Zeng, Xiaoyun Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06633-4
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author Miao Cheng
Hanbing Hu
Rui Chen
Ling He
Shanshan Wang
Yuling Zheng
Jiten Yadav
Hosam O. Elansary
Nisha Jaswal
Deepak Bhanot
Changli Zeng
Xiaoyun Liu
author_facet Miao Cheng
Hanbing Hu
Rui Chen
Ling He
Shanshan Wang
Yuling Zheng
Jiten Yadav
Hosam O. Elansary
Nisha Jaswal
Deepak Bhanot
Changli Zeng
Xiaoyun Liu
author_sort Miao Cheng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Small peptides of the CIF family act as signaling molecules and participate in important signaling pathways, playing crucial roles in the processes of plant development and the environmental response. However, the CIF family has not been identified in the allopolyploid Brassica napus. Results This study identified 16 BnCIFs coding genes in Brassica napus, classified into three phylogenetic subfamilies and four types (CIF1/2, CIF3, CIF4, TWS1) based on Arabidopsis thaliana homologs. Chromosomal distribution analysis revealed their even spread across 11 chromosomes, primarily inherited from Brassica rapa with evolutionary contributions from chromosomal segment duplication, recombination, and polyploidization. Conserved features were observed in mature BnCIFs peptides (21/23 amino acids), including an N-terminal DY motif, two central prolines, and hydrophilic C-terminal residues. Promoter regions contained multiple hormone- and stress-responsive cis-elements, suggesting roles in diverse regulatory processes. Spatiotemporal expression profiling demonstrated tissue-specific expression patterns within each BnCIF type, alongside broad responsiveness to exogenous hormones and abiotic stress, implying functional diversification. qRT-PCR analysis of CIF1/2-type genes under nitrogen treatments revealed significant upregulation in roots under low nitrogen, indicating potential involvement in nitrogen absorption/transport. Comparative structural analysis of GSO1/2 receptor kinases between Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana suggested possible BnCIFs-GSO1/2 binding interactions. Conclusion Our study comprehensively identified BnCIFs in Brassica napus from aspects such as gene structure, phylogeny, chromosomal location, duplication and recombination, expression patterns, structural characteristics, conservation of mature small peptides after cleavage and processing, and their ability to bind to receptors. The results lay a foundation for further functional analysis of BnCIFs. In the further, deciphering the regulatory network of CIF genes may provide new targets for optimizing root architecture and breeding for stress resistance in Brassica napus.
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spelling doaj-art-0de0e2fdb10942009fbabdf82e0a6b8a2025-08-20T02:30:45ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-06-0125111710.1186/s12870-025-06633-4Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptidesMiao Cheng0Hanbing Hu1Rui Chen2Ling He3Shanshan Wang4Yuling Zheng5Jiten Yadav6Hosam O. Elansary7Nisha Jaswal8Deepak Bhanot9Changli Zeng10Xiaoyun Liu11Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, University Centre of Research and Development, Chandigarh UniversityDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering CollegesCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityHubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Jianghan UniversityAbstract Background Small peptides of the CIF family act as signaling molecules and participate in important signaling pathways, playing crucial roles in the processes of plant development and the environmental response. However, the CIF family has not been identified in the allopolyploid Brassica napus. Results This study identified 16 BnCIFs coding genes in Brassica napus, classified into three phylogenetic subfamilies and four types (CIF1/2, CIF3, CIF4, TWS1) based on Arabidopsis thaliana homologs. Chromosomal distribution analysis revealed their even spread across 11 chromosomes, primarily inherited from Brassica rapa with evolutionary contributions from chromosomal segment duplication, recombination, and polyploidization. Conserved features were observed in mature BnCIFs peptides (21/23 amino acids), including an N-terminal DY motif, two central prolines, and hydrophilic C-terminal residues. Promoter regions contained multiple hormone- and stress-responsive cis-elements, suggesting roles in diverse regulatory processes. Spatiotemporal expression profiling demonstrated tissue-specific expression patterns within each BnCIF type, alongside broad responsiveness to exogenous hormones and abiotic stress, implying functional diversification. qRT-PCR analysis of CIF1/2-type genes under nitrogen treatments revealed significant upregulation in roots under low nitrogen, indicating potential involvement in nitrogen absorption/transport. Comparative structural analysis of GSO1/2 receptor kinases between Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana suggested possible BnCIFs-GSO1/2 binding interactions. Conclusion Our study comprehensively identified BnCIFs in Brassica napus from aspects such as gene structure, phylogeny, chromosomal location, duplication and recombination, expression patterns, structural characteristics, conservation of mature small peptides after cleavage and processing, and their ability to bind to receptors. The results lay a foundation for further functional analysis of BnCIFs. In the further, deciphering the regulatory network of CIF genes may provide new targets for optimizing root architecture and breeding for stress resistance in Brassica napus.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06633-4Brassica napusBnCIFsSmall signaling peptides (SSPs)Phylogenetic analysisExpression profileFunctional analysis
spellingShingle Miao Cheng
Hanbing Hu
Rui Chen
Ling He
Shanshan Wang
Yuling Zheng
Jiten Yadav
Hosam O. Elansary
Nisha Jaswal
Deepak Bhanot
Changli Zeng
Xiaoyun Liu
Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides
BMC Plant Biology
Brassica napus
BnCIFs
Small signaling peptides (SSPs)
Phylogenetic analysis
Expression profile
Functional analysis
title Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides
title_full Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides
title_fullStr Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides
title_full_unstemmed Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides
title_short Identification of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) gene family in Brassica napus and functional prediction of mature CIF small peptides
title_sort identification of the casparian strip integrity factor cif gene family in brassica napus and functional prediction of mature cif small peptides
topic Brassica napus
BnCIFs
Small signaling peptides (SSPs)
Phylogenetic analysis
Expression profile
Functional analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06633-4
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