Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review

Abstract Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated and excessive systemic inflammatory response to infection, associated with vascular and metabolic abnormalities that ultimately lead to organ dysfunction. In immune cells, both non-oxidative and oxidative metabolic rates are closely linked to inflam...

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Main Authors: Wagner Nedel, Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski, Afonso Kopczynski, Luis Valmor Portela
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-11-01
Series:Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-024-00694-9
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author Wagner Nedel
Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
Afonso Kopczynski
Luis Valmor Portela
author_facet Wagner Nedel
Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
Afonso Kopczynski
Luis Valmor Portela
author_sort Wagner Nedel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated and excessive systemic inflammatory response to infection, associated with vascular and metabolic abnormalities that ultimately lead to organ dysfunction. In immune cells, both non-oxidative and oxidative metabolic rates are closely linked to inflammatory responses. Mitochondria play a central role in supporting these cellular processes by utilizing metabolic substrates and synthesizing ATP through oxygen consumption. To meet fluctuating cellular demands, mitochondria must exhibit adaptive plasticity underlying bioenergetic capacity, biogenesis, fusion, and fission. Given their role as a hub for various cellular functions, mitochondrial alterations induced by sepsis may hold significant pathophysiological implications and impact on clinical outcomes. In patients, mitochondrial DNA concentration, protein expression levels, and bioenergetic profiles can be accessed via tissue biopsies or isolated peripheral blood cells. Clinically, monocytes and lymphocytes serve as promising matrices for evaluating mitochondrial function. These mononuclear cells are highly oxidative, mitochondria-rich, routinely monitored in blood, easy to collect and process, and show a clinical association with immune status. Hence, mitochondrial assessments in immune cells could serve as biomarkers for clinical recovery, immunometabolic status, and responsiveness to oxygen and vasopressor therapies in sepsis. These characteristics underscore mitochondrial parameters in both tissues and immune cells as practical tools for exploring underlying mechanisms and monitoring septic patients in intensive care settings. In this article, we examine pathophysiological aspects, key methods for measuring mitochondrial function, and prominent studies in this field.
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spelling doaj-art-0de0e18fe0584a299ce4eaad7d8eca332025-08-20T02:08:15ZengSpringerOpenIntensive Care Medicine Experimental2197-425X2024-11-0112111610.1186/s40635-024-00694-9Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature reviewWagner Nedel0Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski1Afonso Kopczynski2Luis Valmor Portela3Intensive Care Unit, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC)School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of DublinLaboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Abstract Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated and excessive systemic inflammatory response to infection, associated with vascular and metabolic abnormalities that ultimately lead to organ dysfunction. In immune cells, both non-oxidative and oxidative metabolic rates are closely linked to inflammatory responses. Mitochondria play a central role in supporting these cellular processes by utilizing metabolic substrates and synthesizing ATP through oxygen consumption. To meet fluctuating cellular demands, mitochondria must exhibit adaptive plasticity underlying bioenergetic capacity, biogenesis, fusion, and fission. Given their role as a hub for various cellular functions, mitochondrial alterations induced by sepsis may hold significant pathophysiological implications and impact on clinical outcomes. In patients, mitochondrial DNA concentration, protein expression levels, and bioenergetic profiles can be accessed via tissue biopsies or isolated peripheral blood cells. Clinically, monocytes and lymphocytes serve as promising matrices for evaluating mitochondrial function. These mononuclear cells are highly oxidative, mitochondria-rich, routinely monitored in blood, easy to collect and process, and show a clinical association with immune status. Hence, mitochondrial assessments in immune cells could serve as biomarkers for clinical recovery, immunometabolic status, and responsiveness to oxygen and vasopressor therapies in sepsis. These characteristics underscore mitochondrial parameters in both tissues and immune cells as practical tools for exploring underlying mechanisms and monitoring septic patients in intensive care settings. In this article, we examine pathophysiological aspects, key methods for measuring mitochondrial function, and prominent studies in this field.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-024-00694-9SepsisMitochondriaMitochondrial dysfunctionOxidative phosphorylationInflammationRespirometry
spellingShingle Wagner Nedel
Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
Afonso Kopczynski
Luis Valmor Portela
Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review
Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Sepsis
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Oxidative phosphorylation
Inflammation
Respirometry
title Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review
title_full Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review
title_fullStr Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review
title_short Assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis: a literature review
title_sort assessment of mitochondrial function and its prognostic role in sepsis a literature review
topic Sepsis
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Oxidative phosphorylation
Inflammation
Respirometry
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-024-00694-9
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AT nathanryzewskistrogulski assessmentofmitochondrialfunctionanditsprognosticroleinsepsisaliteraturereview
AT afonsokopczynski assessmentofmitochondrialfunctionanditsprognosticroleinsepsisaliteraturereview
AT luisvalmorportela assessmentofmitochondrialfunctionanditsprognosticroleinsepsisaliteraturereview