Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV
Chronic HIV-infected children suffer from premature aging and aging-related diseases. Viral replication induces an ongoing inflammation process, with the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the activation of the immune system, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8041616 |
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| author | Annalisa Dalzini Maria Raffaella Petrara Giovanni Ballin Marisa Zanchetta Carlo Giaquinto Anita De Rossi |
| author_facet | Annalisa Dalzini Maria Raffaella Petrara Giovanni Ballin Marisa Zanchetta Carlo Giaquinto Anita De Rossi |
| author_sort | Annalisa Dalzini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic HIV-infected children suffer from premature aging and aging-related diseases. Viral replication induces an ongoing inflammation process, with the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the activation of the immune system, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Although combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly modified the natural course of HIV infection, normalization of T and B cell phenotype is not completely achievable; thus, many HIV-infected children display several phenotypical alterations, including higher percentages of activated cells, that favor an accelerated telomere attrition, and higher percentages of exhausted and senescent cells. All these features ultimately lead to the clinical manifestations related to premature aging and comorbidities typically observed in older general population, including non-AIDS-related malignancies. Therefore, even under effective treatment, the premature aging process of HIV-infected children negatively impacts their quality and length of life. This review examines the available data on the impact of HIV and ART on immune and biological senescence of HIV-infected children. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0db327dbad394a29a488f6c37fe4a59e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0db327dbad394a29a488f6c37fe4a59e2025-08-20T02:02:25ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562020-01-01202010.1155/2020/80416168041616Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIVAnnalisa Dalzini0Maria Raffaella Petrara1Giovanni Ballin2Marisa Zanchetta3Carlo Giaquinto4Anita De Rossi5Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Unit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Center, University of Padova, Padova, ItalySection of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Unit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Center, University of Padova, Padova, ItalySection of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Unit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Center, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyVeneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, ItalyDepartment of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, ItalySection of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Unit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Center, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyChronic HIV-infected children suffer from premature aging and aging-related diseases. Viral replication induces an ongoing inflammation process, with the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the activation of the immune system, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Although combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly modified the natural course of HIV infection, normalization of T and B cell phenotype is not completely achievable; thus, many HIV-infected children display several phenotypical alterations, including higher percentages of activated cells, that favor an accelerated telomere attrition, and higher percentages of exhausted and senescent cells. All these features ultimately lead to the clinical manifestations related to premature aging and comorbidities typically observed in older general population, including non-AIDS-related malignancies. Therefore, even under effective treatment, the premature aging process of HIV-infected children negatively impacts their quality and length of life. This review examines the available data on the impact of HIV and ART on immune and biological senescence of HIV-infected children.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8041616 |
| spellingShingle | Annalisa Dalzini Maria Raffaella Petrara Giovanni Ballin Marisa Zanchetta Carlo Giaquinto Anita De Rossi Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV |
| title_full | Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV |
| title_fullStr | Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV |
| title_short | Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV |
| title_sort | biological aging and immune senescence in children with perinatally acquired hiv |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8041616 |
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