Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions

A transformation of a density function is introduced to derive two families of continuous densities, the first symmetric and the second not-necessarily symmetric, exhibiting both unimodality and bimodality. Their respective density functions are provided in closed form, allowing us to simply obtain...

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Main Authors: Emilio Gómez-Déniz, Enrique Calderín-Ojeda, José M. Sarabia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto Nacional de Estatística | Statistics Portugal 2025-05-01
Series:Revstat Statistical Journal
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Online Access:https://revstat.ine.pt/index.php/REVSTAT/article/view/563
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author Emilio Gómez-Déniz
Enrique Calderín-Ojeda
José M. Sarabia
author_facet Emilio Gómez-Déniz
Enrique Calderín-Ojeda
José M. Sarabia
author_sort Emilio Gómez-Déniz
collection DOAJ
description A transformation of a density function is introduced to derive two families of continuous densities, the first symmetric and the second not-necessarily symmetric, exhibiting both unimodality and bimodality. Their respective density functions are provided in closed form, allowing us to simply obtain moments and related quantities. We focus on the case where the normal distribution is considered, although it can be applied to other models, such as the logistic and Cauchy distributions. This transformation is also extended to derive a family of asymmetric unimodal and bimodal distributions via Azzalini’s scheme. An example related to environmental science illustrate these models’ practical performance.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1645-6726
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language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Instituto Nacional de Estatística | Statistics Portugal
record_format Article
series Revstat Statistical Journal
spelling doaj-art-0db232b60aae464dac3702e16b5c61072025-08-20T03:47:41ZengInstituto Nacional de Estatística | Statistics PortugalRevstat Statistical Journal1645-67262183-03712025-05-0123210.57805/revstat.v23i2.563Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal DistributionsEmilio Gómez-Déniz0Enrique Calderín-Ojeda1José M. Sarabia2University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaUniversity of MelbourneCUNEF Universidad A transformation of a density function is introduced to derive two families of continuous densities, the first symmetric and the second not-necessarily symmetric, exhibiting both unimodality and bimodality. Their respective density functions are provided in closed form, allowing us to simply obtain moments and related quantities. We focus on the case where the normal distribution is considered, although it can be applied to other models, such as the logistic and Cauchy distributions. This transformation is also extended to derive a family of asymmetric unimodal and bimodal distributions via Azzalini’s scheme. An example related to environmental science illustrate these models’ practical performance. https://revstat.ine.pt/index.php/REVSTAT/article/view/563multimodalityold faithful geyser dataskewnessunimodalityunivariate distribution
spellingShingle Emilio Gómez-Déniz
Enrique Calderín-Ojeda
José M. Sarabia
Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions
Revstat Statistical Journal
multimodality
old faithful geyser data
skewness
unimodality
univariate distribution
title Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions
title_full Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions
title_fullStr Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions
title_full_unstemmed Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions
title_short Bimodal and Multimodal Extensions of the Normal and Skew Normal Distributions
title_sort bimodal and multimodal extensions of the normal and skew normal distributions
topic multimodality
old faithful geyser data
skewness
unimodality
univariate distribution
url https://revstat.ine.pt/index.php/REVSTAT/article/view/563
work_keys_str_mv AT emiliogomezdeniz bimodalandmultimodalextensionsofthenormalandskewnormaldistributions
AT enriquecalderinojeda bimodalandmultimodalextensionsofthenormalandskewnormaldistributions
AT josemsarabia bimodalandmultimodalextensionsofthenormalandskewnormaldistributions