Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis

Background: Vaccine research publications play a crucial role in the scientific process by strategically linking the generation of knowledge with its translation into vaccine policy and practice. This study was designed to understand vaccine and immunization research publication trends in Africa to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chinwe Iwu-Jaja, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Thobile Malinga, Lindi Mathebula, Akhona Mazingisa, Charles Shey Wiysonge
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/509
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850126522941177856
author Chinwe Iwu-Jaja
Duduzile Ndwandwe
Thobile Malinga
Lindi Mathebula
Akhona Mazingisa
Charles Shey Wiysonge
author_facet Chinwe Iwu-Jaja
Duduzile Ndwandwe
Thobile Malinga
Lindi Mathebula
Akhona Mazingisa
Charles Shey Wiysonge
author_sort Chinwe Iwu-Jaja
collection DOAJ
description Background: Vaccine research publications play a crucial role in the scientific process by strategically linking the generation of knowledge with its translation into vaccine policy and practice. This study was designed to understand vaccine and immunization research publication trends in Africa to inform strategic directions for vaccine research and innovation efforts in the continent. Methods: We searched PubMed only for vaccine and immunization-related publications from Africa between 1 January 2016 and 8 August 2024. Metrics such as annual growth rates, geographical distribution, international collaboration, and trend topics were analyzed. We conducted separate analyses for general vaccine research, vaccine clinical trials, and vaccine evidence syntheses (systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Results: Vaccine research in Africa demonstrated an annual growth rate of 55.4% (based on the 10,000 records retrieved due to PubMed’s export limit), while vaccine trials saw a decline of 6.08% during the study period. The trend topics analysis across vaccine research, trials, and reviews showed that topics shifted from a focus on general vaccine development, immunization, and malaria pre-2020 to COVID-19-related topics in 2020, with post-2020 research returning to traditional topics like immunization schedules, vaccine safety, and pediatric and maternal vaccines. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on vaccine research, leading to a surge in publications for vaccine research, trials, and reviews. About 65.8% of vaccine research featured international co-authorship. Vaccine trials had a higher rate of international co-authorship at 79.8%. Conclusion: While vaccine research in general in Africa has increased, vaccine trials do not match this increase. The number of clinical trials remained relatively stagnant, reflecting ongoing challenges in the vaccine research ecosystem, particularly in building and sustaining clinical trial capacity across the region. In addition, disparities in research productivity exist between countries. Research prioritization, strategic collaborations, capacity building for research, and improved research infrastructure require critical consideration.
format Article
id doaj-art-0daeaa9fcfb64f7f8d1000205a57320e
institution OA Journals
issn 2076-393X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Vaccines
spelling doaj-art-0daeaa9fcfb64f7f8d1000205a57320e2025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-05-0113550910.3390/vaccines13050509Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric AnalysisChinwe Iwu-Jaja0Duduzile Ndwandwe1Thobile Malinga2Lindi Mathebula3Akhona Mazingisa4Charles Shey Wiysonge5Vaccine Preventable Diseases Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, CongoCochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South AfricaCochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South AfricaCochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South AfricaDepartment of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaVaccine Preventable Diseases Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, CongoBackground: Vaccine research publications play a crucial role in the scientific process by strategically linking the generation of knowledge with its translation into vaccine policy and practice. This study was designed to understand vaccine and immunization research publication trends in Africa to inform strategic directions for vaccine research and innovation efforts in the continent. Methods: We searched PubMed only for vaccine and immunization-related publications from Africa between 1 January 2016 and 8 August 2024. Metrics such as annual growth rates, geographical distribution, international collaboration, and trend topics were analyzed. We conducted separate analyses for general vaccine research, vaccine clinical trials, and vaccine evidence syntheses (systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Results: Vaccine research in Africa demonstrated an annual growth rate of 55.4% (based on the 10,000 records retrieved due to PubMed’s export limit), while vaccine trials saw a decline of 6.08% during the study period. The trend topics analysis across vaccine research, trials, and reviews showed that topics shifted from a focus on general vaccine development, immunization, and malaria pre-2020 to COVID-19-related topics in 2020, with post-2020 research returning to traditional topics like immunization schedules, vaccine safety, and pediatric and maternal vaccines. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on vaccine research, leading to a surge in publications for vaccine research, trials, and reviews. About 65.8% of vaccine research featured international co-authorship. Vaccine trials had a higher rate of international co-authorship at 79.8%. Conclusion: While vaccine research in general in Africa has increased, vaccine trials do not match this increase. The number of clinical trials remained relatively stagnant, reflecting ongoing challenges in the vaccine research ecosystem, particularly in building and sustaining clinical trial capacity across the region. In addition, disparities in research productivity exist between countries. Research prioritization, strategic collaborations, capacity building for research, and improved research infrastructure require critical consideration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/509vaccineimmunizationvaccine trialsvaccine reviewsresearchinnovation
spellingShingle Chinwe Iwu-Jaja
Duduzile Ndwandwe
Thobile Malinga
Lindi Mathebula
Akhona Mazingisa
Charles Shey Wiysonge
Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
Vaccines
vaccine
immunization
vaccine trials
vaccine reviews
research
innovation
title Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
title_full Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
title_fullStr Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
title_short Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
title_sort vaccine research trends in africa from 2016 to mid 2024 a bibliometric analysis
topic vaccine
immunization
vaccine trials
vaccine reviews
research
innovation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/509
work_keys_str_mv AT chinweiwujaja vaccineresearchtrendsinafricafrom2016tomid2024abibliometricanalysis
AT duduzilendwandwe vaccineresearchtrendsinafricafrom2016tomid2024abibliometricanalysis
AT thobilemalinga vaccineresearchtrendsinafricafrom2016tomid2024abibliometricanalysis
AT lindimathebula vaccineresearchtrendsinafricafrom2016tomid2024abibliometricanalysis
AT akhonamazingisa vaccineresearchtrendsinafricafrom2016tomid2024abibliometricanalysis
AT charlessheywiysonge vaccineresearchtrendsinafricafrom2016tomid2024abibliometricanalysis