The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections
The development of vaccines against viral infections has advanced rapidly over the past century, propelled by innovations in laboratory and molecular technologies. These advances have expanded the range of vaccine platforms beyond live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines to include recombinant platf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/687 |
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| author | Hong Nhi Nguyen Isabel O. Vanderzee Fei Wen |
| author_facet | Hong Nhi Nguyen Isabel O. Vanderzee Fei Wen |
| author_sort | Hong Nhi Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of vaccines against viral infections has advanced rapidly over the past century, propelled by innovations in laboratory and molecular technologies. These advances have expanded the range of vaccine platforms beyond live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines to include recombinant platforms, such as subunit proteins and virus-like particles (VLPs), and more recently, mRNA-based vaccines, while also enhancing methods for evaluating vaccine performance. Despite these innovations, a persistent challenge remains: the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of immune responses continue to impede efforts to achieve consistently effective and durable protection across diverse populations. Single-cell technologies have emerged as transformative tools for dissecting this immune heterogeneity, providing comprehensive and granular insights into cellular phenotypes, functional states, and dynamic host–pathogen interactions. In this review, we examine how single-cell epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and multi-omics approaches are being integrated across all stages of vaccine development—from infection-informed discovery to guide vaccine design, to high-resolution evaluation of efficacy, and refinement of cell lines for manufacturing. Through representative studies, we highlight how insights from these technologies contribute to the rational design of more effective vaccines and support the development of personalized vaccination strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0da157a5ef964a14a6ca863171e2b6c7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-0da157a5ef964a14a6ca863171e2b6c72025-08-20T02:47:22ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-06-0113768710.3390/vaccines13070687The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral InfectionsHong Nhi Nguyen0Isabel O. Vanderzee1Fei Wen2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAGraduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAThe development of vaccines against viral infections has advanced rapidly over the past century, propelled by innovations in laboratory and molecular technologies. These advances have expanded the range of vaccine platforms beyond live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines to include recombinant platforms, such as subunit proteins and virus-like particles (VLPs), and more recently, mRNA-based vaccines, while also enhancing methods for evaluating vaccine performance. Despite these innovations, a persistent challenge remains: the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of immune responses continue to impede efforts to achieve consistently effective and durable protection across diverse populations. Single-cell technologies have emerged as transformative tools for dissecting this immune heterogeneity, providing comprehensive and granular insights into cellular phenotypes, functional states, and dynamic host–pathogen interactions. In this review, we examine how single-cell epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and multi-omics approaches are being integrated across all stages of vaccine development—from infection-informed discovery to guide vaccine design, to high-resolution evaluation of efficacy, and refinement of cell lines for manufacturing. Through representative studies, we highlight how insights from these technologies contribute to the rational design of more effective vaccines and support the development of personalized vaccination strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/687vaccine developmentvirus-like particles (VLPs)mRNArecombinant proteinsingle-cell technologymulti-omics |
| spellingShingle | Hong Nhi Nguyen Isabel O. Vanderzee Fei Wen The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections Vaccines vaccine development virus-like particles (VLPs) mRNA recombinant protein single-cell technology multi-omics |
| title | The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections |
| title_full | The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections |
| title_fullStr | The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections |
| title_short | The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections |
| title_sort | application of single cell technologies for vaccine development against viral infections |
| topic | vaccine development virus-like particles (VLPs) mRNA recombinant protein single-cell technology multi-omics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/687 |
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