Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a systematic approach to selecting lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells for electric vehicle (EV) applications, considering cost, volume, aging characteristics, and overall performance. A battery selection algorithm is developed, and to investigate its functionality, a case...

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Main Authors: Arda Akyildiz, Bati E. Ergun, Ege Uzun, Mustafa A. Zehir, Cavit F. Kucuktezcan, Ilhan Kocaarslan, Mehmet O. Gulbahce
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10935344/
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author Arda Akyildiz
Bati E. Ergun
Ege Uzun
Mustafa A. Zehir
Cavit F. Kucuktezcan
Ilhan Kocaarslan
Mehmet O. Gulbahce
author_facet Arda Akyildiz
Bati E. Ergun
Ege Uzun
Mustafa A. Zehir
Cavit F. Kucuktezcan
Ilhan Kocaarslan
Mehmet O. Gulbahce
author_sort Arda Akyildiz
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a systematic approach to selecting lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells for electric vehicle (EV) applications, considering cost, volume, aging characteristics, and overall performance. A battery selection algorithm is developed, and to investigate its functionality, a case study to evaluate four different LFP battery cell models based on their long-term behavior in a 40 kWh battery pack is conducted. The algorithm integrates a vehicle energy consumption model to better account for the aging impacts of different cell choices, where battery performance is analyzed based on the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) over a 10-year simulated period, considering five driving cycles per day. In order to ensure a fair assessment, the model accounts for variations in battery pack weight as the sole influencing factor on vehicle dynamics. The results compare vehicle range, battery pack mass, cost, cell degradation, and volume for each battery option. The case study findings indicate that the developed method found A123 Systems ANR 26650m1 battery cell superior among the considered four options offering the best trade-off between longevity and cost-effectiveness, making it a highly suitable choice for durable and efficient EV battery packs. This study underscores the importance of considering several critical factors including aging based on detailed driving cycles, together for the most suitable battery selection in designing cost-effective, long-lasting EV energy storage solutions.
format Article
id doaj-art-0d9946df400f4c569ca47dfc3e8eafed
institution OA Journals
issn 2169-3536
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-0d9946df400f4c569ca47dfc3e8eafed2025-08-20T01:55:02ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113550705508010.1109/ACCESS.2025.355308110935344Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric VehiclesArda Akyildiz0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0983-5490Bati E. Ergun1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5803-8485Ege Uzun2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-2350Mustafa A. Zehir3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-2410Cavit F. Kucuktezcan4https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1513-4005Ilhan Kocaarslan5Mehmet O. Gulbahce6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-8445Department of Electrical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeElectrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Marmara University, İstanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeITU Advanced Vehicle Technologies Application and Research Center, ILATAM, İstanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeThis paper presents a systematic approach to selecting lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells for electric vehicle (EV) applications, considering cost, volume, aging characteristics, and overall performance. A battery selection algorithm is developed, and to investigate its functionality, a case study to evaluate four different LFP battery cell models based on their long-term behavior in a 40 kWh battery pack is conducted. The algorithm integrates a vehicle energy consumption model to better account for the aging impacts of different cell choices, where battery performance is analyzed based on the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) over a 10-year simulated period, considering five driving cycles per day. In order to ensure a fair assessment, the model accounts for variations in battery pack weight as the sole influencing factor on vehicle dynamics. The results compare vehicle range, battery pack mass, cost, cell degradation, and volume for each battery option. The case study findings indicate that the developed method found A123 Systems ANR 26650m1 battery cell superior among the considered four options offering the best trade-off between longevity and cost-effectiveness, making it a highly suitable choice for durable and efficient EV battery packs. This study underscores the importance of considering several critical factors including aging based on detailed driving cycles, together for the most suitable battery selection in designing cost-effective, long-lasting EV energy storage solutions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10935344/Battery agingbattery selection algorithmelectric vehicleslithium-ion batteriesWorldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
spellingShingle Arda Akyildiz
Bati E. Ergun
Ege Uzun
Mustafa A. Zehir
Cavit F. Kucuktezcan
Ilhan Kocaarslan
Mehmet O. Gulbahce
Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles
IEEE Access
Battery aging
battery selection algorithm
electric vehicles
lithium-ion batteries
Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
title Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles
title_full Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles
title_fullStr Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles
title_short Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles
title_sort optimum selection of lithium iron phosphate battery cells for electric vehicles
topic Battery aging
battery selection algorithm
electric vehicles
lithium-ion batteries
Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10935344/
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