Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle?
Abstract In recent years, the development of targeted therapies for tumors with KRAS mutations has progressed rapidly, rendering the notion of KRAS as “undruggable” outdated. However, targeted therapies for KRAS mutations still face numerous challenges, including resistance, efficacy concerns, toxic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03444-1 |
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| _version_ | 1849238050503131136 |
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| author | Shenao Fu Jiayao Ma Changjing Cai Jun Tan Xiangying Deng Hong Shen Shan Zeng Yihong Chen Ying Han |
| author_facet | Shenao Fu Jiayao Ma Changjing Cai Jun Tan Xiangying Deng Hong Shen Shan Zeng Yihong Chen Ying Han |
| author_sort | Shenao Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In recent years, the development of targeted therapies for tumors with KRAS mutations has progressed rapidly, rendering the notion of KRAS as “undruggable” outdated. However, targeted therapies for KRAS mutations still face numerous challenges, including resistance, efficacy concerns, toxicity issues, and hurdles in drug development. Exploring alternative treatment modalities is thus essential. Extensive research has demonstrated that KRAS mutations significantly influence the immune microenvironment, presenting both challenges and opportunities for immunotherapy. Interestingly, it has been observed that different KRAS mutations and co-mutation subtypes exhibit significant variations in their immunological microenvironments, which undoubtedly impact immunotherapy choices. Here, we review the history of KRAS-targeted therapy, highlighting existing challenges, and summarize changes in the immune microenvironment of KRAS-mutated cancers and their potential therapeutic targets. We compare differences in the immune microenvironment across various mutation types and co-mutation subtypes, and offer perspectives on future research directions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0d8a049df2644fd38baa69db1b83f6d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-9966 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0d8a049df2644fd38baa69db1b83f6d82025-08-20T04:01:47ZengBMCJournal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research1756-99662025-07-0144113110.1186/s13046-025-03444-1Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle?Shenao Fu0Jiayao Ma1Changjing Cai2Jun Tan3Xiangying Deng4Hong Shen5Shan Zeng6Yihong Chen7Ying Han8Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract In recent years, the development of targeted therapies for tumors with KRAS mutations has progressed rapidly, rendering the notion of KRAS as “undruggable” outdated. However, targeted therapies for KRAS mutations still face numerous challenges, including resistance, efficacy concerns, toxicity issues, and hurdles in drug development. Exploring alternative treatment modalities is thus essential. Extensive research has demonstrated that KRAS mutations significantly influence the immune microenvironment, presenting both challenges and opportunities for immunotherapy. Interestingly, it has been observed that different KRAS mutations and co-mutation subtypes exhibit significant variations in their immunological microenvironments, which undoubtedly impact immunotherapy choices. Here, we review the history of KRAS-targeted therapy, highlighting existing challenges, and summarize changes in the immune microenvironment of KRAS-mutated cancers and their potential therapeutic targets. We compare differences in the immune microenvironment across various mutation types and co-mutation subtypes, and offer perspectives on future research directions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03444-1KRASCancerTargeted therapyImmunotherapyMicroenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Shenao Fu Jiayao Ma Changjing Cai Jun Tan Xiangying Deng Hong Shen Shan Zeng Yihong Chen Ying Han Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle? Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research KRAS Cancer Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Microenvironment |
| title | Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle? |
| title_full | Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle? |
| title_fullStr | Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle? |
| title_short | Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle? |
| title_sort | precision immune regulation in kras mutated cancers the final piece of the puzzle |
| topic | KRAS Cancer Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Microenvironment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03444-1 |
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