Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity

Aim:We think that the nasopharyngeal swab sample should be taken bilaterally to improve the sensitivity of the real-time-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test since there may be pathologies that cause nasal obstruction, such as nasal septum deviation (NSD). In this context, w...

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Main Authors: Dogan Cakan, Zeliha Kubra Cakan, Semih Usaklioglu, Yetkin Zeki Yilmaz, Omer Uysal, Hasan Ahmet Ozdogan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Galenos Publishing House 2022-09-01
Series:Haseki Tıp Bülteni
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Online Access: http://www.hasekidergisi.com/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/relationship-between-the-nasopharyngeal-swab-sampl/53144
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author Dogan Cakan
Zeliha Kubra Cakan
Semih Usaklioglu
Yetkin Zeki Yilmaz
Omer Uysal
Hasan Ahmet Ozdogan
author_facet Dogan Cakan
Zeliha Kubra Cakan
Semih Usaklioglu
Yetkin Zeki Yilmaz
Omer Uysal
Hasan Ahmet Ozdogan
author_sort Dogan Cakan
collection DOAJ
description Aim:We think that the nasopharyngeal swab sample should be taken bilaterally to improve the sensitivity of the real-time-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test since there may be pathologies that cause nasal obstruction, such as nasal septum deviation (NSD). In this context, we investigated the effect of the nasopharyngeal swab sampling method and the presence of nasal obstruction on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).Methods:This prospective clinical study was conducted from March 2021 to January 2022. Forty-four hospitalized patients with NSD were included in the study group, and 44 hospitalized patients without NSD were included in the control group. The results of the RT-PCR test studied with a unilateral nasopharyngeal swab sample taken during hospitalization and the RT-PCR test studied with a bilateral nasopharyngeal swab sample taken on the 2nd day of hospitalization and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores showing the patients’ pain during the first sampling were determined.Results:In the first test, 23 (52.3%) patients in the study group and 32 (72.7%) patients in the control group were evaluated as SARS-CoV-2 positive. The first test sensitivity was significantly higher in the control group (p=0.048). The VAS score was significantly higher in the study group (p=0.00008). In the second test, 35 (79.5%) patients in the study group and 37 (84.1%) patients in the control group were evaluated as SARS-CoV-2 positive. The sensitivity increases in the study group and in the population were statistically significant (p=0.007 and p=0.004, respectively). The consistency of the first and second test results increased in patients without NSD and in patients with low VAS scores [odds ratio (OR)=3.779; p=0.001, OR=2.572; p=0.005, respectively].Conclusion:Nasopharyngeal swab sampling may be affected by nasal congestion and the sampling method. To avoid this, it may be more appropriate to take a nasopharyngeal swab sample through the bilateral nasal cavity.
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spelling doaj-art-0d83cf52dc2941f788fa77d5d05187ec2025-08-20T03:54:20ZengGalenos Publishing HouseHaseki Tıp Bülteni1302-00722147-26882022-09-0160431832410.4274/haseki.galenos.2022.849213049054Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 PositivityDogan Cakan0Zeliha Kubra Cakan1Semih Usaklioglu2Yetkin Zeki Yilmaz3Omer Uysal4Hasan Ahmet Ozdogan5 Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey Eyupsultan State Hospital, Clinic of Internal Medicine Istanbul, Turkey University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul, Turkey Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey Aim:We think that the nasopharyngeal swab sample should be taken bilaterally to improve the sensitivity of the real-time-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test since there may be pathologies that cause nasal obstruction, such as nasal septum deviation (NSD). In this context, we investigated the effect of the nasopharyngeal swab sampling method and the presence of nasal obstruction on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).Methods:This prospective clinical study was conducted from March 2021 to January 2022. Forty-four hospitalized patients with NSD were included in the study group, and 44 hospitalized patients without NSD were included in the control group. The results of the RT-PCR test studied with a unilateral nasopharyngeal swab sample taken during hospitalization and the RT-PCR test studied with a bilateral nasopharyngeal swab sample taken on the 2nd day of hospitalization and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores showing the patients’ pain during the first sampling were determined.Results:In the first test, 23 (52.3%) patients in the study group and 32 (72.7%) patients in the control group were evaluated as SARS-CoV-2 positive. The first test sensitivity was significantly higher in the control group (p=0.048). The VAS score was significantly higher in the study group (p=0.00008). In the second test, 35 (79.5%) patients in the study group and 37 (84.1%) patients in the control group were evaluated as SARS-CoV-2 positive. The sensitivity increases in the study group and in the population were statistically significant (p=0.007 and p=0.004, respectively). The consistency of the first and second test results increased in patients without NSD and in patients with low VAS scores [odds ratio (OR)=3.779; p=0.001, OR=2.572; p=0.005, respectively].Conclusion:Nasopharyngeal swab sampling may be affected by nasal congestion and the sampling method. To avoid this, it may be more appropriate to take a nasopharyngeal swab sample through the bilateral nasal cavity. http://www.hasekidergisi.com/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/relationship-between-the-nasopharyngeal-swab-sampl/53144 covid-19 testingsars-cov-2reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactionspecimen handling/methods nasal obstruction
spellingShingle Dogan Cakan
Zeliha Kubra Cakan
Semih Usaklioglu
Yetkin Zeki Yilmaz
Omer Uysal
Hasan Ahmet Ozdogan
Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity
Haseki Tıp Bülteni
covid-19 testing
sars-cov-2
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
specimen handling/methods nasal obstruction
title Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity
title_full Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity
title_fullStr Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity
title_full_unstemmed Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity
title_short Relationship Between the Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Method, Nasal Obstruction, and SARS-Cov-2 Positivity
title_sort relationship between the nasopharyngeal swab sampling method nasal obstruction and sars cov 2 positivity
topic covid-19 testing
sars-cov-2
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
specimen handling/methods nasal obstruction
url http://www.hasekidergisi.com/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/relationship-between-the-nasopharyngeal-swab-sampl/53144
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