Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques

Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is emerging as a major threat to rice crops worldwide, posing a significant challenge to basmati rice farming in India. The difficulty in managing the disease is compounded by the morphological similarities between various pathogenic species and the lim...

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Main Authors: Sapna Sharma, Gaurav Kumar Yadav, Mohamad Ayham Shakouka, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan, Mahender Singh Saharan, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Bishnu Maya Bashyal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Plant Stress
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24003439
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author Sapna Sharma
Gaurav Kumar Yadav
Mohamad Ayham Shakouka
Mukesh Kumar Yadav
Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan
Mahender Singh Saharan
Ashish Kumar Gupta
Bishnu Maya Bashyal
author_facet Sapna Sharma
Gaurav Kumar Yadav
Mohamad Ayham Shakouka
Mukesh Kumar Yadav
Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan
Mahender Singh Saharan
Ashish Kumar Gupta
Bishnu Maya Bashyal
author_sort Sapna Sharma
collection DOAJ
description Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is emerging as a major threat to rice crops worldwide, posing a significant challenge to basmati rice farming in India. The difficulty in managing the disease is compounded by the morphological similarities between various pathogenic species and the limited research on its soil-borne nature, especially in the context of Indian farming conditions. This study utilized quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomic approaches to monitor Fusarium fujikuroi population in soil from a rice-wheat cropping system during 2021–22 in North Indian conditions. The qPCR analysis revealed changes in Fusarium fujikuroi abundance, with the highest colonization in August 2021 (1.19 × 1010) and a notable decline by June 2022 (1.84 × 106). Metagenomic studies based abundance analysis at the phylum level showed the prevalence of ascomycetes in all the samples taken for the study. The key fungal genera observed in bakanae infected field following rice-wheat cropping system included Talaromyces, Mortierella, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Westerdykella and Amesia. Talaromyces was most abundant in September 2021 (34.40 %) which corresponded with the lowest Fusarium abundance (0.22 %) in soil samples tested. Other beneficial fungi such as Trichoderma, Penicillium and Westerdykella etc. were also detected during the evaluation, supporting their role in managing bakanae disease. The decrease in the Fusarium fujikuroi population over the study period, as revealed by quantitative PCR and metagenomics, indicates that the viability of Fusarium fujikuroi as a soil-borne pathogen is limited. This suggests the importance of maintaining a proper interval of 6–7 months between harvest and the next sowing. Further, the study emphasized the potential use of biocontrol agents to mitigate bakanae disease problem along with the promotion of sustainable and resilient rice farming systems.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-0d5062c9dcd64aaa8257913fb02704322025-08-20T01:58:30ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2024-12-011410069010.1016/j.stress.2024.100690Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniquesSapna Sharma0Gaurav Kumar Yadav1Mohamad Ayham Shakouka2Mukesh Kumar Yadav3Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan4Mahender Singh Saharan5Ashish Kumar Gupta6Bishnu Maya Bashyal7Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; Corresponding authors.Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Corresponding authors.Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is emerging as a major threat to rice crops worldwide, posing a significant challenge to basmati rice farming in India. The difficulty in managing the disease is compounded by the morphological similarities between various pathogenic species and the limited research on its soil-borne nature, especially in the context of Indian farming conditions. This study utilized quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomic approaches to monitor Fusarium fujikuroi population in soil from a rice-wheat cropping system during 2021–22 in North Indian conditions. The qPCR analysis revealed changes in Fusarium fujikuroi abundance, with the highest colonization in August 2021 (1.19 × 1010) and a notable decline by June 2022 (1.84 × 106). Metagenomic studies based abundance analysis at the phylum level showed the prevalence of ascomycetes in all the samples taken for the study. The key fungal genera observed in bakanae infected field following rice-wheat cropping system included Talaromyces, Mortierella, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Westerdykella and Amesia. Talaromyces was most abundant in September 2021 (34.40 %) which corresponded with the lowest Fusarium abundance (0.22 %) in soil samples tested. Other beneficial fungi such as Trichoderma, Penicillium and Westerdykella etc. were also detected during the evaluation, supporting their role in managing bakanae disease. The decrease in the Fusarium fujikuroi population over the study period, as revealed by quantitative PCR and metagenomics, indicates that the viability of Fusarium fujikuroi as a soil-borne pathogen is limited. This suggests the importance of maintaining a proper interval of 6–7 months between harvest and the next sowing. Further, the study emphasized the potential use of biocontrol agents to mitigate bakanae disease problem along with the promotion of sustainable and resilient rice farming systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24003439BakanaeMetagenomicsFusarium fujikuroiAbundanceBiocontrol agentsBasmati
spellingShingle Sapna Sharma
Gaurav Kumar Yadav
Mohamad Ayham Shakouka
Mukesh Kumar Yadav
Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan
Mahender Singh Saharan
Ashish Kumar Gupta
Bishnu Maya Bashyal
Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques
Plant Stress
Bakanae
Metagenomics
Fusarium fujikuroi
Abundance
Biocontrol agents
Basmati
title Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques
title_full Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques
title_fullStr Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques
title_short Assessing the long-term survival of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi in rice-wheat cropping system in Northern - India using advanced metagenomic and qPCR techniques
title_sort assessing the long term survival of bakanae pathogen fusarium fujikuroi in rice wheat cropping system in northern india using advanced metagenomic and qpcr techniques
topic Bakanae
Metagenomics
Fusarium fujikuroi
Abundance
Biocontrol agents
Basmati
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24003439
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