Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement

Achieving ‘gender equality in health’ has been advocated by many as a key goal in health globally; however, we observe this goal has been defined differently by different users. In this paper, we explore the question of how progress towards gender equality in health has been defined and measured, an...

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Main Authors: Sarah Hawkes, Angela Y Chang, Kent Buse, Virginia Zarulli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:BMJ Global Health
Online Access:https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/4/e017900.full
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author Sarah Hawkes
Angela Y Chang
Kent Buse
Virginia Zarulli
author_facet Sarah Hawkes
Angela Y Chang
Kent Buse
Virginia Zarulli
author_sort Sarah Hawkes
collection DOAJ
description Achieving ‘gender equality in health’ has been advocated by many as a key goal in health globally; however, we observe this goal has been defined differently by different users. In this paper, we explore the question of how progress towards gender equality in health has been defined and measured, and how the selection of indicators and targets can influence perceptions of who in a population is suffering disadvantage. We summarise the common population health measures—such as life expectancy and risk exposure—and illustrate how each of these measures may lead to different conclusions about gender equality in health. We call for more specificity when defining and measuring gender inequality in health, and propose expanding the focus from ‘gender inequalities’ (comparison between genders) to also addressing ‘within-gender inequities’ (a focus that incorporates addressing inequities within different gender identity groups).
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spelling doaj-art-0d413098206946d8b3f03184eb60ca2d2025-08-20T02:11:33ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082025-04-0110410.1136/bmjgh-2024-017900Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurementSarah Hawkes0Angela Y Chang1Kent Buse2Virginia Zarulli3Global Health 50/50, Cambridge, UKDanish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkGlobal Health 50/50, Cambridge, UKStatistical Sciences and Science Statistics, University of Padova, Padua, ItalyAchieving ‘gender equality in health’ has been advocated by many as a key goal in health globally; however, we observe this goal has been defined differently by different users. In this paper, we explore the question of how progress towards gender equality in health has been defined and measured, and how the selection of indicators and targets can influence perceptions of who in a population is suffering disadvantage. We summarise the common population health measures—such as life expectancy and risk exposure—and illustrate how each of these measures may lead to different conclusions about gender equality in health. We call for more specificity when defining and measuring gender inequality in health, and propose expanding the focus from ‘gender inequalities’ (comparison between genders) to also addressing ‘within-gender inequities’ (a focus that incorporates addressing inequities within different gender identity groups).https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/4/e017900.full
spellingShingle Sarah Hawkes
Angela Y Chang
Kent Buse
Virginia Zarulli
Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement
BMJ Global Health
title Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement
title_full Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement
title_fullStr Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement
title_full_unstemmed Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement
title_short Is ‘gender equality in health’ the right goal? Exploring issues of definition and measurement
title_sort is gender equality in health the right goal exploring issues of definition and measurement
url https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/4/e017900.full
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