Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach

Abstract This study presents a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework for integrated real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDSs), coordinating sewers, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and receiving waters. Trained within a hydraulic–water quality simulation environment...

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Main Authors: Zhenyu Huang, Yiming Wang, Xin Dong, Wei Li, Yangbo Tang, Dazhen Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Clean Water
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00512-z
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author Zhenyu Huang
Yiming Wang
Xin Dong
Wei Li
Yangbo Tang
Dazhen Zhang
author_facet Zhenyu Huang
Yiming Wang
Xin Dong
Wei Li
Yangbo Tang
Dazhen Zhang
author_sort Zhenyu Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study presents a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework for integrated real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDSs), coordinating sewers, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and receiving waters. Trained within a hydraulic–water quality simulation environment using QMIX, the framework enables facility-level decision-making and adaptive system coordination. Applied to Lu’an City, China, MARL achieved a 25.4% reduction in flooding and overflow volumes and an 18.0% decrease in river pollutants relative to benchmark strategies, while maintaining real-time control feasibility (6.35 s per 5-min interval). Under rainfall forecast and sensor noise uncertainty, MARL improved performance stability by 44.7–52.4%. Despite operational trade-offs, the framework supports integrated system optimization and consistent water quality improvements in urban settings.
format Article
id doaj-art-0d3ba1dc7ce34c048d41a2804e8960b3
institution Kabale University
issn 2059-7037
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Clean Water
spelling doaj-art-0d3ba1dc7ce34c048d41a2804e8960b32025-08-24T11:05:44ZengNature Portfolionpj Clean Water2059-70372025-08-018111710.1038/s41545-025-00512-zPollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approachZhenyu Huang0Yiming Wang1Xin Dong2Wei Li3Yangbo Tang4Dazhen Zhang5School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Environment, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityNational Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in the Yangtze River Economic BeltNational Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in the Yangtze River Economic BeltNational Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in the Yangtze River Economic BeltAbstract This study presents a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework for integrated real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDSs), coordinating sewers, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and receiving waters. Trained within a hydraulic–water quality simulation environment using QMIX, the framework enables facility-level decision-making and adaptive system coordination. Applied to Lu’an City, China, MARL achieved a 25.4% reduction in flooding and overflow volumes and an 18.0% decrease in river pollutants relative to benchmark strategies, while maintaining real-time control feasibility (6.35 s per 5-min interval). Under rainfall forecast and sensor noise uncertainty, MARL improved performance stability by 44.7–52.4%. Despite operational trade-offs, the framework supports integrated system optimization and consistent water quality improvements in urban settings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00512-z
spellingShingle Zhenyu Huang
Yiming Wang
Xin Dong
Wei Li
Yangbo Tang
Dazhen Zhang
Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach
npj Clean Water
title Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach
title_full Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach
title_fullStr Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach
title_full_unstemmed Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach
title_short Pollution-based integrated real-time control for urban drainage systems: a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach
title_sort pollution based integrated real time control for urban drainage systems a multi agent deep reinforcement learning approach
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00512-z
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AT xindong pollutionbasedintegratedrealtimecontrolforurbandrainagesystemsamultiagentdeepreinforcementlearningapproach
AT weili pollutionbasedintegratedrealtimecontrolforurbandrainagesystemsamultiagentdeepreinforcementlearningapproach
AT yangbotang pollutionbasedintegratedrealtimecontrolforurbandrainagesystemsamultiagentdeepreinforcementlearningapproach
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