Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution
Abstract [Objective] To assess the bioremediation potential of garbage enzymes in heavy metal-contaminated lead-zinc mine soils. [Method] A pot experiment evaluated garbage enzymes application effects on: (1) Pb/Zn/Cd bioavailability and phytoavailability, (2) soil fertility parameters, (3) soil enz...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96403-x |
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| author | Guangxu Zhu Xingfeng Wang Rongkun Chen Yunyan Wang Qiang Tu |
| author_facet | Guangxu Zhu Xingfeng Wang Rongkun Chen Yunyan Wang Qiang Tu |
| author_sort | Guangxu Zhu |
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| description | Abstract [Objective] To assess the bioremediation potential of garbage enzymes in heavy metal-contaminated lead-zinc mine soils. [Method] A pot experiment evaluated garbage enzymes application effects on: (1) Pb/Zn/Cd bioavailability and phytoavailability, (2) soil fertility parameters, (3) soil enzyme activities, and (4) physiological responses of Chinese cabbage. [Results] Garbage enzymes significantly reduced heavy metal bioavailability, decreasing leaf Pb/Zn/Cd concentrations by 66.8%/17.6%/37.4% and root levels by 34.3%/23.4%/46.8% versus controls. Soil fertility improved substantially, with available N/P/K increments of 2.43–31.2%, 1.86–45.5%, and 3.40–22.3%, respectively. Key soil enzymes (urease, sucrase, catalase, phosphatase) exhibited enhanced activities. Garbage enzymes treated plants showed increased biomass (fresh weight), chlorophyll (21.8%), and soluble sugars, alongside reduced stress markers: nitrate-N (-24.3%), malondialdehyde (-33.6%), proline (-18.9%), and superoxide dismutase (-42.1%). [Conclusions] Garbage enzymes demonstrate dual functionality in metal immobilization and soil revitalization, offering an eco-sustainable solution for restoring agricultural productivity in contaminated ecosystems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0d3a41b1af804d55b4b3c08ec2bb7640 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0d3a41b1af804d55b4b3c08ec2bb76402025-08-20T02:28:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-96403-xApplication and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollutionGuangxu Zhu0Xingfeng Wang1Rongkun Chen2Yunyan Wang3Qiang Tu4College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang UniversityCollege of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang UniversityCollege of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang UniversityCollege of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang UniversityHelmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong UniversityAbstract [Objective] To assess the bioremediation potential of garbage enzymes in heavy metal-contaminated lead-zinc mine soils. [Method] A pot experiment evaluated garbage enzymes application effects on: (1) Pb/Zn/Cd bioavailability and phytoavailability, (2) soil fertility parameters, (3) soil enzyme activities, and (4) physiological responses of Chinese cabbage. [Results] Garbage enzymes significantly reduced heavy metal bioavailability, decreasing leaf Pb/Zn/Cd concentrations by 66.8%/17.6%/37.4% and root levels by 34.3%/23.4%/46.8% versus controls. Soil fertility improved substantially, with available N/P/K increments of 2.43–31.2%, 1.86–45.5%, and 3.40–22.3%, respectively. Key soil enzymes (urease, sucrase, catalase, phosphatase) exhibited enhanced activities. Garbage enzymes treated plants showed increased biomass (fresh weight), chlorophyll (21.8%), and soluble sugars, alongside reduced stress markers: nitrate-N (-24.3%), malondialdehyde (-33.6%), proline (-18.9%), and superoxide dismutase (-42.1%). [Conclusions] Garbage enzymes demonstrate dual functionality in metal immobilization and soil revitalization, offering an eco-sustainable solution for restoring agricultural productivity in contaminated ecosystems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96403-xHeavy metalSoil fertilitySoil enzyme activityRemediationGarbage enzymes |
| spellingShingle | Guangxu Zhu Xingfeng Wang Rongkun Chen Yunyan Wang Qiang Tu Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution Scientific Reports Heavy metal Soil fertility Soil enzyme activity Remediation Garbage enzymes |
| title | Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution |
| title_full | Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution |
| title_fullStr | Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution |
| title_short | Application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution |
| title_sort | application and exploration of garbage enzymes in soil remediation of multiple heavy metal pollution |
| topic | Heavy metal Soil fertility Soil enzyme activity Remediation Garbage enzymes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96403-x |
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